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CSV
Lesson
Institutional and legal frameworks help ensure program and funding sustainability, continuity across political regimes, adequacy and predictability of benefits, and accountability during budget processes. Importantly, these frameworks should provide sufficient flexibility to allow programs to adapt, particularly during times of crises such as COVID-19, and to improve based on socioeconomic trends. For instance,a key feature of the 4Ps law provides for a mechanism to periodically review and adjust benefit levels.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation is crucial to continually improving program design. ADB has provided valuable support to impact evaluations of the Philippines' CCT program since 2010. These have helped identify progress as well as challenges requiring attention. For example, the lack of impact on children’s immunization rates requires revisiting the health conditionalities for all CCT beneficiary children. Similarly, reported school attendance rates remain high without necessarily being affected by the program.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enhancement of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) needs continuing innovation. ADB-supported innovations have also helped strengthen the Philippines’ CCT. The digitally supported Pantawid Pamilya Information System, compliance verification, and grievance redress mechanism brought the program well within reach of the beneficiaries. Additionally, ADB’s continued support to the proxy means test models used for identifying beneficiaries and impact evaluation has ensured a data-driven approach to measuring progress and informing program implementation.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enforcement of CCT program conditionalities should be continuously reviewed and improved. Enforcement of health conditionalities under the Philippines' CCT program is hampered by low registration of new births and compounded by manual data collection procedures for compliance verification. The executing agency may need to review program conditions so that the checklist of conditions includes reporting all births and submitting data for all children in the household.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Basic governance and project management capacity are needed for the success of institutional development projects. This first loan to a state-owned enterprise in Mongolia has demonstrated several lessons. First, having a stable and consistent governance in place within the executing agency is critical prior to pursuing reforms. Second, clarity in the legal status of the implementing agency and the applicable rules and regulations would help mitigate political risks.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Selection of the most suitable modality to support institutional development requires adequate consideration of the various factors intricately linked to it, including the prevailing political dynamics, incentive structures in public administration, and commitment of the relevant development agencies. In the case of this project, frequent changes in the senior management of the Erdenes Mongol jeopardized project ownership and seriously affected implementation.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Do not propose establishment of a new business continuity fund during crisis. The business continuity fund was established during the crisis. Actual usage was far less compared with existing instruments for concessional lending and refinancing, as operationalization took time. Unless such a fund can be established on time, proposing a new fund during a crisis should be avoided when good instruments are available.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Quick and flexible budget support is essential during times of crisis. The timely availability of the ADB CPRO support greatly contributed to mitigating the impact of the pandemic, particularly for low-income countries and countries in vulnerable situations. Availability of such an instrument is highly relevant for a country in times of crisis.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Harness the role of community-based organizations for inclusiveness. Community-based organizations (CBOs) played an active role in implementing the PMEP, such as facilitating information dissemination in the community, collecting applications from interested unemployed individuals, and connecting them to ward offices. Similarly, CBOs helped the government in identifying poor and vulnerable people as recipients of its food distribution efforts and contributed to addressing food needs during the crisis.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Avoid assuming policy changes when setting targets in a crisis. The program design assumed that coordination of all government-subsidized employment would be transferred to the employment service centers established in each local government under the Prime Minister Employment Program (PMEP). Because of the impact of the crisis, this transfer did not happen and the PMEP was unable to achieve the target. A target set during a crisis should not assume a policy change.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Comprehensive and disaggregated enterprise-level data are needed to effectively support micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in times of crisis. The absence of a real-time disaggregated financial data collection system at the beneficiary level made it difficult to timely track the status of business recovery of affected MSMEs. The dataset collected and used in reports on MSME lending did not include comprehensive disaggregated enterprise-level data from the start, making it impossible to assess the inclusiveness of the concessional lending.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Data interoperability facilitates beneficiary targetting in times of crisis. Difficulty in consolidating data between federal, provincial, and local-level governments and between sectors affected program implementation and progress monitoring. While Nepal’s social security programs each identify and register beneficiaries, there is no central register for poor and vulnerable populations. Hence, the ward officials identified food support beneficiaries, which led to implementation challenges.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Purposeful selection of outcome Indicators that are easily and regularly monitored is critical in crisis response projects. There is a high level of uncertainty surrounding the duration and impact of a crisis. Thus, choosing outcome Indicators that provide timely and crucial information on the progress of the crisis and the impact of policy measures can help manage a crisis, as it allows to quickly introduce new measures when the situation worsens.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The One ADB approach is effective in delivering in timely crisis response. A contributing factor to the timely delivery of COVID-19 assistance and support is the One ADB approach in program processing, especially the strong role of the resident mission. With all the relevant departments working as contributors and partners, this approach broke down barriers and improved communications, resulting in faster turnaround and higher-quality outputs. The resident mission played a critical role in the preparation of the program, policy dialogue, and the eventual implementation of the program.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Close and sustained engagement with the government and development is essential to the success of crisis response programs. This program’s design and implementation benefited from the strength of ADB’s close engagement with the government. ADB’s continuous policy dialogues with the government contributed to the government’s response strategy and development financing plan. The resulting close alignment also promoted ADB’s rapid processing, impactful design, and smooth implementation of the program.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
CSV