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Lesson
The program has helped strengthen ADB’s role as a trusted partner and created a positive experience for the government to strengthen its relations with development partners. The loan provided international funds that have helped address the government’s objective to reduce borrowing in the domestic market and have helped ensure liquidity in Thailand’s private sector. The program’s accompanying technical assistance provided the government with value-added policy dialogue and technical assistance to help address the government’s knowledge needs as they evolved through the crisis.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of available data across government departments can be challenging especially during times of crisis. The government encountered difficulties in collecting sex-disaggregated data in some instances; making it difficult to understand how women and girls were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaggregation by employment and disability status was challenging as well. The sex-segregated data on testing capacity and incentive for health workers included in the completion report were proxies based on total beneficiaries and the male and female ratio among the healthcare work force.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to maintain some degree of flexibility to effectively respond to crisis situations. Perhaps the most important quality of Thailand’s CARES program was its ability to rapidly mobilize demand-driven support in a crisis; highlighting the importance in future crisis responses of maintaining some degree of flexibility in both program design and implementation. ADB was able to process and approve the program within 3 months of the government’s initial request for support. Events in Thailand necessitated loan signing to take place about 4 months after ADB approval.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indicators and targets relying on surveys that may not be available at the time of measurement could benefit from the identification of alternative measures during program design. One of the outcome Indicators in the CARES design and monitoring framework is measured by the WHO only every 5 years and information about its most recent assessment is due for release in mid to late 2022; after the end of the CARES program. Uncertainties and disruptions created by emergencies need to be considered when designing Indicators to ensure that targets are achievable and realistic.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from impact assessments undertaken by the government need to be explored for possible replication or application in future crisis response operations. In addition to monitoring of program expenditures; the government conducted its own assessment of program results; such as the social impact of cash transfer programs on affected people.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The COVID-19 pandemic experience provided the government an opportunity to develop its approach to monitoring and reporting. During the loan period; ADB supported the executing agency in the quarterly monitoring of expenditures under the government’s emergency loans. This was appreciated by the government and because it provided the only English-language summary of government expenditure under the two emergency decrees, the quarterly monitoring was continued at government’s request even after loan closure.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Government’s effective and responsive implementation of the program and use of funds highlighted the importance of being able to adjust allocations as demanded by the crisis. The government successfully utilized its ADB countercyclical loan to support its relief and stimulus program under its two pandemic emergency decrees and funds (FY2020 and FY2021). In particular; the Cabinet responded rapidly to the successive waves of COVID-19; allocating and reallocating budgets to work plans and projects where they were most needed at any one time.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Engage national contractors who have some staff experience in safeguard issues especially for category A or B projects and encourage construction supervision staff to oversee that safeguard issues are well handled without lapses. According to the PCR (para. 9) national contractors lacked experience in environment management and engaged national environment consulting firm to prepare site specific EMPs. The lapses that occurred in the initial pre-construction stage were addressed with ADB’s support and advice (para. 25).

Project Number: 41682-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Right-sizing of contract packages and provision of adequate time for construction favor the completion of civil works within the estimated periods.

Project Number: 41682-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appointing a resident engineer from the EA to act as project engineer could be a more suitable arrangement in cases where the EA has adequate institutional and human resource capacities.

Project Number: 41682-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporation of strong safety measures in highway improvement projects optimizes their socioeconomic benefits.

Project Number: 41682-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical assistance (TA) resources. Under the program, the government and regulators adopted legal and policy measures and introduced new products, many of which were relatively new, complicated concepts that required extensive coordination and consultation to build understanding and acceptance by stakeholders. Through resourceful TA support, the program's policy actions were all successfully complied with, and most post-program partnership follow-up actions were also implemented.

Project Number: 41325-013
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term perspective. The master plan - with a medium-term vision and strategies for capital market development - provided the government and regulators with a set of long-term objectives to guide and shape policy design and implementation.

Project Number: 41325-013
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong coordination. The CMDWC (Capital Market Development Working Committee) and its sub-committee provided a platform for strong coordination among regulators and with market institutions. The Capital Market Development Master Plan was drafted by the sub-committee and endorsed by the committee through a highly consultative process, which greatly helped in fostering a sense of ownership.

Project Number: 41325-013
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
CSV