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CSV
Lesson
The policy of selectively allowing private higher education institutions to access government funds on a competitive basis as block grants rather than as loans is an efficient investment. This was based on the performance of the private higher education institutions. However, outcomes would be maximized if the components of assistance have mutually reinforcing or synergistic effects. Providing at least a minimum scale of assistance to fewer beneficiaries produces better results than spreading the resources thinly among more beneficiaries.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Higher education institutions may also consider looking into strengthening English proficiency. This would include assistance to improve performance in the Test of English as a Foreign Language—not only for future dealings or links with foreign universities and polytechnics, but also as a predeparture intervention for those going abroad, whether for an overseas degree fellowship or for work.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The competitive-based funding through block grants is a useful mechanism to upgrade the quality of higher education by promoting transparency and accountability, and building a strong sense of ownership among higher education institutions. This mechanism is found to be effective which has been adopted by other development partners, and national and local governments.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While the loan conversion from dollars to pesos was completed successfully, the price to MNTC of reducing its foreign exchange risk was quite high. Although there are potential benefits to the consumers from removal of the forex factor from the toll rate adjustment formula, the peso has since appreciated further against the dollar and the financial benefits of the conversion to MNTC are mixed. Regarding the issue of equity participation, ADB was seen to be more conservative and slow in its process than was the private sector.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
Stronger due diligence on the part of ADB would have identified risk earlier and reduced project delays. The inability of PNCC to raise funds for the project, too, should have been anticipated at a time when most government corporations were strapped for cash and that PNCC had few alternative revenue sources apart from government subsidies. It should have been foreseen that PNCC would need to reduce its exposure in the project.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
The right-of-way issue should have been resolved earlier. Land acquisition by the government in the Philippines has been difficult causing delays. Although this was raised at the Board meeting considering the project, not enough attention was given to the potential problems until it was too late.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB could have done a more thorough test of the forecasts‘ sensitivity to changes in the basic variables, including tariff price elasticity, lower-than-expected economic growth, and higher gasoline prices. The fact that traffic volumes have been scarcely half those projected by technical consultants at appraisal has meant lower revenues and a less favorable FIRR. While it is understood that a range of projections were made and the lower ones were used, they nevertheless proved to be overly optimistic.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
A more independent regulatory body is needed to balance the interests of all stakeholders—the government, toll road operators, road users, communities, and business. TRB lacks a clear vision for the sector, and because of its human and financial resource limitations adopts a passive rather than proactive role. This could be achieved by transforming TRB through the appointment of an independent board with a clear majority of members and the chairperson coming from the private sector. Independent funding could be provided through a direct levy on toll fees and the toll road operators.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
At appraisal there should have been a design monitoring framework which would have identified the objectives and targets. The project was designed to enhance economic development of central and northern Luzon, but no clear or measurable objectives were set at the outset. While economic growth has occurred in this region—3.4% per annum overall—it is not possible to quantify the extent that rehabilitation of an already existing toll road has contributed.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
Regulation of the toll road sector under TRB remains weak. TRB was established in 1977 to regulate expressways and toll rates while increasing private sector investment in infrastructure projects. It lacks capacity and resources relative to its mandate, however, and in practice only monitors operations, maintenance, and the adjustment of toll rates. TRB lacks independence, remaining under the control of the government. Its executive director is appointed by the president, and all but one member of its board are government officials.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
All project components should have been based on need assessment. This was particularly true of the activities for agribusiness credit piloting and infrastructure for marketing and the facilities at the horticulture training and demonstration centers (HTDCs). Failure to assess needs and conditions for these components adequately meant that the outputs were not used fully or successfully.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The formulation and design limitations of the BSDP reveal the need for better understanding of sector issues. Thus, even when ADB is working with a development partner reputed to have sector expertise, it remains important for ADB to have sufficient understanding of the issues to be able to address the developing member country’s capacity problems. This is especially important during implementation when other development partners have departed from the scene

Project Number: 31317-013
Project Name: Basic Skills Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure that the markets to be built under the project would be successful, the project needed to seek the participation and take into account the opinions of local stakeholders when selecting the sites for market construction.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 29603-013
Project Name: Malakand Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The issues of land ownership and operational responsibilities needed to be clearly settled between public ministries and departments before the project embarked on market construction. This was particularly important for revenue-earning infrastructure like markets. More time than was envisaged at appraisal was needed to form output-oriented farmers' marketing groups (FMGs) and to put them into operation.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
CSV