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Lesson
The program reaffirms the importance of ADB's long-term engagement in local governance reform. Its success can be attributed to policy actions in such areas as revenue generation, budget reform, and enhanced planning processes that were the emphasis of previous ADB programs. New policy reform areas such as Ease of Doing Business arose from dialogue with the government on new priorities.

Project Number: 52173-001, 52173-003
Project Name: Local Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Subsidiary regulations can have a significant impact. For example, in support of the Ease of Doing Business Act, the various joint memorandum circulars issued by government agencies had an immediate impact.

Project Number: 52173-001, 52173-003
Project Name: Local Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of IT has become part and parcel of fiscal decentralization efforts. Before the program, most agencies were hesitant to invest in IT infrastructure and resorted to grants from development partners. The program encouraged the government to appreciate the importance of sustaining the systems from the local governments' own budgets, greatly reducing the risk that the systems would not be sustained.

Project Number: 52173-001, 52173-003
Project Name: Local Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
there is a growing need to identify more efficient and sustainable mechanisms for local capacity development. Face-to-face training is costly. The government must find out how existing technologies can be utilized to provide such training and to make the required investment in IT infrastructure.

Project Number: 52173-001, 52173-003
Project Name: Local Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Quick disbursing budget support is an effective instrument to respond to a crisis. Such an approach allows for strong alignment with government priorities and supports the government's ownership of the response measures. The eligibility criteria provide the necessary framework for due diligence. Timely upstream support can then be complemented with other forms of support–technical assistance, knowledge work, project investments–to reinforce the intended impact.

Project Number: 54138-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Government counterpart funding will be a risk in PNG for the foreseeable future.

Project Number: 40173-043
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important in PNG to investigate legacy grievances and disputes and adequately consider them in project design and implementation.

Project Number: 40173-043
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The long procurement approval process needs to be factored into the design particularly of large infrastructure projects in PNG.

Project Number: 40173-043
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Significant implementation support is required for ADB-financed projects in PNG.

Project Number: 44304-013, 44304-014, 44304-015
Project Name: Microfinance Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation highlights the importance of increased accountability and ownership by all stakeholders in achieving the project’s intended outcome. This, along with a well-designed capacity building intervention for implementing agencies, would help facilitate timely implementation and achievement of project results. Complex projects with many components and a wide geographical coverage require a high level of government commitment and ownership.

Project Number: 37749-013
Project Name: Agrarian Reform Communities Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure the formulation of a well-grounded design, a thorough preparatory assessment could be undertaken by including the political environment and the risk of corruption in a country. In cases where corruption is perceived as being high, support for better performance and greater accountability in public financial management systems plays a crucial role.

Project Number: 48458-001, 48458-003
Project Name: Expanding Private Participation in Infrastructure Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of a well-designed platform for generating long-term savings and investment products results in low achievement of program results.

Project Number: 48427-001, 48427-002
Project Name: Encouraging Investment through Capital Market Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The approach to risk assessment and risk management should be consistent across programs. Risk assessments should include the individual risk and its risk level before mitigation, the mitigation strategies and resultant risk to each risk and to the overall risk after mitigation. The PCR template should also allow for discussion on risk to explicitly consider whether the risk mitigation strategies had been successful.

Project Number: 41380-013, 41380-023
Project Name: Governance in Justice Sector Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Recommendations need to be clear on what should be done, by which agency and if possible in what time frame, and should show whether the program managers agree or disagree. This allows for any follow-up to be well-targeted on where improvements should have been made. It also allows the public to determine the quality of the recommendation when the report is published on the ADB website. (iii) Where it is available, the use of country information such as audit reports (both internal audit and external audit) can provide an alternative perspective on the success of the program.

Project Number: 41380-013, 41380-023
Project Name: Governance in Justice Sector Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Private health providers can play an important role when developing a network of quality health services in rural and other underserved areas. The needs of private sector entities and small-scale health providers, however, are different. Easy access to credit by small-scale providers, in itself, is insufficient. Needs and constraints also should be addressed. This covers (i) technical support—referral networks, continuous training, and colleagues’ advice; and (ii) family support—access to schools for children, work opportunities for the spouse, safety, and other needs and constraints.

Project Number: 41664-013
Project Name: Credit for Better Health Care Project
Report Date:
CSV