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CSV
Lesson
The transformative policy, institutional reforms, and student- and teacher-centered approaches are key to the progressive improvement of the upper secondary education (USE) subsector in Cambodia. The dropout rate of 8.0% among science scholarship recipients was low compared with the national average of 18.5% in USE, and science stream students performed better in the grade 12 exam in terms of higher scores compared to their peers in the social science stream.

Project Number: 47136-003
Project Name: Upper Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reform programs with complex and multiple interventions require rigorous identification and assessment of the political economy and capacity risks to ensure overall effectiveness.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what has been achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. For example, Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate a successful policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall development impact corresponds to the amount of effort put into both ensuring genuine ownership of objectives within the executing and implementing agencies and building capacity among the key stakeholders.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Improved clarity on which agencies would undertake specific tasks would enhance implementation. This is the case for Cambodia irrigation scheme information system, Stung Sen river basin planning, Technical Services Centre courses), as well as administration from both CARM and ADB HQ.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to balance policy-based lending and capacity building through project grants.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly complex sanitary and phytosanitary standards technology grants pose challenges to potential participants.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Manageable and tightly focused reform agenda, incentives provided to the government to continue the reforms, and linking the program to the trade policy sector-wide approach all contributed to the successful project outcome.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of the cluster approach provides a framework for a 5-year partnership between ADB and government, giving sufficient time for reforms to take hold and capacity building to take place.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although there clearly was a commitment to change in relation to most tranche conditions, there was back-tracking on the initial commitment to divest state-owned enterprises. However, after considerable reflection and reconsideration of options over the program period, all state-owned enterprises were successfully divested, and the benefits of this - significantly better operations and financial performance of the ongoing enterprises, and cost savings for those wound up - are increasingly appreciated.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It was not until the establishment of working groups for each of the tranche conditions in late 2005, under the initiative of the program support unit (PSU), that ownership of the process became more localized. There were delays in the development of work plans and budgets, and the consequent disbursement of funds to the working groups caused a delay in meeting tranche conditions. However, resolving difficulties and obstacles was made easier by empowering the working groups to come up with their own ideas and solutions through internal processes.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implied assumption of the TA work plan (with its heavy emphasis on early TA inputs) was that the policy and institutional reforms would be achieved quite early on and that the remainder of the time would involve just monitoring and evaluation of implementation. Policy reforms take time, and continued monitoring and effort are required from the TA, the counterparts, the government, and ADB throughout the program in order to effect policy and institutional change.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
CSV