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Lesson
The effectiveness of policy reforms under the program is ultimately determined by the competence of the different Afghan government agencies, which acquired new roles during the reform process. As a result, and in view of the pervasive capacity constraints that affect the government, the sustainability of the program requires substantial follow-up assistance. A second program focused on the implementation challenges created by the program should be considered, as that would also be in line with the current ADB country partnership strategy for Afghanistan.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Further assistance to the government, especially the Ministry of Finance (MOF), is crucial in order for reforms under subprogram 1 to become effective and be sustainable. But the approach to the provision of this assistance must also change. Instances have been highlighted in which high levels of technical assistance (TA) have constrained learning-by-doing on the part of local counterparts, and overwhelmed the incentives that normally underpin successful capacity development.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Even if a project is aligned with regional strategies, designs need to incorporate sufficient national consultation and consider country absorptive and technical capacity and commitment.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Close collaboration with Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), International Development Association (IDA), and Department for International Development (DFID) strengthened project design. It allowed for excellent exchange of experience with regard to PRGs, other insurance products, and how they can best be used to fill market gaps, especially in post-conflict countries.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Government implementation of outstanding policy and monitorable actions should be prioritized to maintain reform momentum. It may be possible to tap parallel ongoing advisory technical assistance (TA) projects if further TA is needed. The delays in program implementation by the government are mostly due to lack of expertise, and not to lack of willingness to reform.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
How the design and monitoring framework (DMF) was prepared constitutes a major design and evaluation issue, and its lack of clarity made assessment of achievements across the program very difficult. The standards used in conceptualizing DMFs have evolved significantly since the program - s approval, and the new practices should soon make it possible to design more effective assistance in Afghanistan and elsewhere.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The availability of bankable political risk guarantee (PRG) cover for risks that are within the power of the government to mitigate is important to investors and their financiers. However, such targeted cover cannot address concerns about security and macroeconomic stability.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
Lesson
National M&E remains a challenge due to lack of capacity and minimal regional support to assist participating DMCs. While regional evaluations of some activities have taken place, they need to focus on impact or outcome indicators rather than on the process of implementation.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Senior provincial and district government officials and elders expressed gratitude to ADB for its timing and confidence in the implementation of the project. They hope that this will open the regions for future investments and improve governance in the regions.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
The ownership by the government of the reform process and the leadership the government shows are absolutely critical in a postconflict scenario. This was demonstrated in the case of the leadership shown by the finance minister, which was not always matched in PMPL sectors. Given the multisectoral nature of the program and the utilization of the proceeds in various reconstruction and development projects, strong oversight mechanisms needed to be in place at the outset to ensure optimal use of and reporting on funds.

Project Number: 36231-013
Project Name: Postconflict Multisector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In the absence of specific terms of reference for international advisors, their contributions will tend to crowd out inputs provided by and the learning process of local staff.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuous recourse to resident international advisors may perpetuate the dependency of decision-makers on such experts.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a project steering committee is challenging where separate development partner committees already exist to oversee arrangements for Pacific countries.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination of the multiple development partners was important to ensure that works and programs were complementary, with no overlap or gaps in support. The project was able to incorporate separate but complementary programs from bilateral development partners, which helped the overall implementation and impact of the project.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
Modifications to project design, the monitoring framework, and the assessment methodology would help future projects using this or a similar PRG modality and projects that combine sovereign, nonsovereign and cofinancing operations. The assessment criteria did not easily accommodate the unique structure of the project or the modality used.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
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