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Lesson
Targeted and medium- to long-term assistance in key sectors is particularly critical for Georgia to sustainably recover from COVID-19 impacts. There is opportunity in crisis that, if taken advantage of expeditiously, can lead to significant beneficial measures. In the case of Georgia, the depth of the crisis that led ADB and other development partners (DPs) to offer a large rescue package illustrates what can be achieved under crisis situations.

Project Number: 54191-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO was a highly effective pandemic response and reform program, which ADB can build upon to help accelerate the structural reform process it has been supporting in Georgia. The CPRO provided Georgia with a useful and effective tool in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. It was prepared with unprecedented speed and supported the priorities identified by the government in its COVID-19 response program.

Project Number: 54191-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of sex-disaggregated data remains to be a challenge in Georgia and this needs greater attention in ensuing programs in the country. The collection of sex-disaggregated data to support CPRO design and implementation was challenging, hindered in some cases by the emergency situation, and in other instances, by the limitations in government databases. This highlights the need for ensuing programs to carefully evaluate and identify the appropriate gender indicators in ensuing programs.

Project Number: 54191-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
On the PBL design, the DMF should have identified the results of each policy action rather than adopting them as the output indicators. More rigor should be taken in selecting the outcome indicators. The indicators used for school attendance and dropout rates were neither appropriate to measure the result of the program nor its policy actions and suggest a weak design. Since the state is highly committed to pursuing the reforms, it could be argued that these reforms would have been carried out anyway by the government despite the program.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the program indicates that working with state governments in India is an appropriate level for PBLs, which may not be achieved at the national-level when instituting similar reforms. Success at the state-level offers an opportunity for scaling-up or replicating the experience in other states with similar issues.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
3. Achieving durable reforms in public finances require a sustained commitment over time, which involves a combination of policy and legislative reforms, institutional change and strengthening, and the introduction of new technologies. The decade-long partnership between the West Bengal state government and ADB indicates a time frame and a level of commitment required to achieve results.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The West Bengal state government’s experience in formulating and implementing MTEFs supports the view that these frameworks are valuable tools in helping governments translate development priorities into planned multiyear budget expenditures. Over time, MTEFs can contribute to the improvement of budget transparency, predictability, and expenditure efficiency.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An IT-based eGovernance system improves the efficiency and accountability of public finance management thus overall strengthening governance.

Project Number: 45288-002
Project Name: Punjab Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The creation of fiscal space is a gradual and sequential process that needs to be balanced with the cost of economic growth.

Project Number: 45288-002
Project Name: Punjab Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementable policy actions, irrespective of the governing political party, are crucial to the successful completion of PBLs.

Project Number: 45288-002
Project Name: Punjab Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
All alternatives to a technically driven policy action need to be thoroughly considered.

Project Number: 45288-002
Project Name: Punjab Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Political uncertainties associated with policy actions need to be carefully considered during the design and implementation of reform programs.

Project Number: 45288-002
Project Name: Punjab Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Investment in e-governance platforms yields high returns.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Successful policy actions require effective government control.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Fiscal reforms are always difficult, requiring strong government ownership and political will and continued engagement from ADB.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
CSV