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Lesson
Projects supporting educational reforms such as improving the school dormitory system require a well-defined development plan and multi-faceted approach. Greater support for financial, human and physical resources, and capacity building, specifically support for policy and educational regulatory reforms, helps in improving project sustainability and in turn promotes better access to education.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Provision of adequate technical support for the executing and implementing agencies with respect to procurement planning as well as consultant recruitment and management helps in streamlining the procurement timeline processes. Specifically, providing capacity building support and training on ADB procurement procedures, biddings, and contracts facilitates effective execution of civil works' activities.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban–rural disparity in training outcomes can be wide, partly because of unequal access to industries and the wage labor market. The national apprenticeship scheme and industrial training institutes are closely linked with employers; the scheme has resulted in impressive employment rates. Skills training providers who cater to rural areas have the greatest challenge in creating jobs. Disadvantaged social groups are normally less involved in skills training.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the sustainability of skills development programs requires (i) continually upgrading training programs, modules, curricula, and trainers' skills; and (ii) maintaining and upgrading training equipment and facilities. All of these require considerable resources and can hardly be borne by the implementing institutions. Basic government support, along with resource mobilization, is important to sustain the quality and relevance of skills development programs.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
The concerns of women and family members regarding their safety during travel and within the work environment—especially in jobs that involve migration, working on the shop floor, or extensive field visits—are barriers to hiring women. The challenges highlight the need for focused interventions, such as building women's confidence, providing self-defense training, and counseling family members.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should resolve issues, such as by defining the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders and operationalizing service delivery through appropriate institutional arrangements. Policy reforms should articulate how budgetary resources will be shared at different government levels and how resources from public and nonpublic sources will be mobilized for sustainability.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing new courses, updating existing ones based on market response, and strengthening quality assurance meant to increase workforce participation and improve employment prospects will enhance the relevance and effectiveness of the program.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
The mobilization of students has been a major factor that contributed to effective capacity utilization and to the success of the program. Mobilization is usually hindered by (i) the perception that skills training is inferior to general upper secondary and tertiary education, and (ii) the view that skills development is a pathway for the academically less-performing students. SImilarly, there is a huge need for training of trainers, and qualified trainers must be recruited to ensure the quality of training and to maintain the supply of competent technical trainers.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Private sector participation in skills development is still limited at each stage of the skills development value chain. The limited enterprise support in such trainings may be caused by the lack of recognition and understanding of mutual benefits that could be derived by training institutes and enterprises.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in scope and implementation arrangements are often needed to make projects responsive to changes in government and policy directions. The changes in the ruling party and restructuring of the government in 2012 and 2016 led to changes in the policy directions on higher education. To remain responsive and aligned with the government’s policy, minor changes were made to the project scope and implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Factors that contributed to the overall success of the project include (i) the openness willingness, and flexibility of ADB and the government to respond positively to emerging need and demand; (ii) agreements by stakeholders to increase the number of MES representatives in the project steering commitee, which balanced the views and bargaining power of MES in the decision-making process; and (iii) the willingness of ADB to use its own resources to hire staff consultants when required to help resolve procurement bottlenecks and accelerate project implementation especially during critical per

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishment of formal partnerships to strengthen public–private partnerships (PPPs) will enhance the involvement of industries and employers in TVET. PPP plays an important role in helping TVET providers to improve the quality and relevance of TVET programs and in increasing the employment of TVET graduates.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
High staff turnover, weak procurement and contract management capacities, and lack of familiarity with ADB procedures, often the cause of implementation delays, need to be addressed jointly by ADB and government counterpart agencies. Because of the changes in the executing agency’s senior-level officials, turnover of the project staff was high. The project also suffered from counterpart agencies' weak procurement and contract management capacity and lack of familiarity with ADB guidelines.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The objectives and implementation period for sector reform projects need to be well-aligned with the government’s long-term vision and carefully consider existing capacities. This project's overall objective was ambitious as sector reforms require long-term and sustainable interventions, adequate resources, and sufficient time. Increasing student enrollment and rural higher education institutions offering distance education programs were not achievable through a single project intervention.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer project implementation period is necessary in projects with geographically challenging state terrain. The completion of this project was extended twice, for a total of 18 months, basically because of startup delays. Despite the delays that amounted to 30% overrun, completing the project in 6.5 years is a remarkable achievement for a first-time executing agency and for the first multisector project in the human development sector in a geographically challenging terrain.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date: