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Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based grant, particularly during a crisis.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly ambitious performance indicators can undermine some of the program’s achievements, particularly when reforms are undertaken during a crisis. In this program, The higher-level objective of a more inclusive, sustainable, and dynamic knowledge-based economy did not relate closely to the policy actions in the program—apart from the introduction of technical and vocational education and training.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Failing to describe and include the history of prior experience of a particular reform in the program weakens the case for their relevance. In Tonga, civil service reform had an extended history. Pointing out the lessons learned from earlier efforts and how they were incorporated into the current program would have strengthened the justification for these reforms.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
At the methodology level, actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what was achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate the successful implementation of policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely capacity development for executing agencies with limited experience in ADB’s procurement rules and in safeguard requirements are important for an efficient project implementation. For example, retendering of TWB’s first works contract caused significant delays and could have been avoid

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to prepare meaningful monitoring frameworks with relevant and clearly defined indicators and targets to assess project effectiveness objectively. For example, the service area (Nuku’alofa water supply network or the overall Tongatapu island) to which the baseline data refer to are unclear (footnotes 16 and 17). In addition, the PCR noted that some of the gender indicators were outside of the project’s sphere of influence and could have been better defined.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring that contractors engage project management and supervision team with adequate capacity is important. The reason for delays in implementing works contracts and the poor quality of works at the beginning of the project was the low performance of works contractors, who did not provide adequate management and supervision staff in accordance with their contractual obligations. Implementation agencies had to provide additional input to compensate contractors’ deficiencies, which resulted in high additional costs for consulting services.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring adequate project performance monitorng system (PPMS) design—along with collection of baseline data at project preparation phase—supports effective monitoring of a project’s performance. Although establishing a PPMS was covenanted in the grant agreement, the PPMS was ineffective in providing the data required for calculation of economic internal rate of return. The lack of data indicates that the PPMS was inappropriately designed and that a greater focus on the PPMS design at project preparation is needed. For

Project Number: 40263-022
Project Name: Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
a detailed design and implementation assessment enhances the project’s success, especially for projects that help provide shipping services to outlying and remote island communities. ADB has experience in this with two projects in the Pacific region that were to provide shipping services to outlying and remote island communities—this one that is under validation while the other is the Community Water Transport Project in Papua New Guinea.16 However, both projects were rated less than successful, which indicate endemic issues with their design and implementation.

Project Number: 40263-022
Project Name: Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to properly sequence the implementation of technical assistance so it could provide its inputs to the project in a timely manner. According to the project completion report, the delay in the development of the National Transport Plan supported by the project preparatory TA affected project implementation as projects sites were required to be included in the plan prior to implementation.

Project Number: 40263-022
Project Name: Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reform programs with complex and multiple interventions require rigorous identification and assessment of the political economy and capacity risks to ensure overall effectiveness.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what has been achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. For example, Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate a successful policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It was inappropriate to change the original DMF targets because the progress was inadequate (para. 20). Instead, the reasons for the slow progress could have been mentioned and draw lessons from them.

Project Number: 41171-022
Project Name: Transport Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Having a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) team in MID would have drawn attention to implementation issues early on as well as provided information needed for economic and financial analyses that would have facilitated the proper assessment of project effectiveness and efficiency.

Project Number: 41171-022
Project Name: Transport Sector Development Project
Report Date: