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Lesson
It is critical for a Gender equity theme project to have a Gender specialist on board to monitor and ensure the attainment of all Gender action plan (GAP) targets. GAP monitoring was the responsibility of the project implementation unit, with support from social development specialists hired by the project implementation consultant. The project implementation consultancy ended in April 2015; after which the government was to fund the engagement of a social development specialist. The position was not filled due to lack of funds, resulting in reduced GAP monitoring and assessment.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to adjust project expectations based on context when preparing a district water supply project. This requires a thorough sector assessment of government institutional capacity and ability to implement policy reforms at national and local district levels with sufficient counterpart staff and budget, a risk-based analysis of local fragility and resilience factors, and a phased incremental approach outlined for critical actions.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Performance monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Gender action plan (GAP) need to be understood as mandatory activities to ensure they are completely undertaken. Implementation of the GAP was not successful in achieving all planned activities and targets. While 4 of the 5 activities were implemented, only 2 of the 10 targets were achieved. Ongoing monitoring could have improved the actions undertaken and attainment of targets. As women have a core role as clients, users, employees, and beneficiaries of water supply systems, GAP implementation should be strictly monitored.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project partnership agreements with government on human resources and funding are critical to effective implementation and sustainability. While initially the project national project implementation unit had issues on staffing, procurement, and implementation, these were resolved with incremental additional staffing, recruitment of a small core team of individual consultants, and restructuring to a subproject management unit. The non-recruitment of a social development specialist; to be funded by the government, affected the Gender action plan monitoring and planned survey update.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More thoughtful planning and sustained monitoring are required when implementing new pilot approaches. Successful implementation of new approaches such as public-private partnerships, which involve government policy changes and reforms, would require realistic timelines, ongoing monitoring of political commitment, and adoption of risk management strategies that are responsive to change.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordination and use of phased approach to key project activities will maximize project benefits. This would involve identifying opportunities at project design phase for integrating or combining under one contract interlinked activities, such as water system infrastructure investment and the planned O&M, to reduce risk of slippage and implementation delays.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient funding must be ensured to cover all investment needs for rehabilitation and expansion of water supply infrastructure. This requires rigorous assessment of technical and institutional capacity (including for operation and maintenance or O&M) of the implementing agency and economic aspects (including life cycle costing) to determine whether to invest in a total new system at higher initial capital cost or to utilize parts of existing infrastructure to enable lower capital cost but likely higher levels of O&M costs.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Modernize wastewater discharge standards. Updating the standards based on international good practice (e.g., EU or EPA) and strengthening technical capacity, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms including fees would improve compliance with the wastewater discharge standards. The wastewater standards are currently unattainable with available technologies and capital and are therefore largely neglected by operators and regulators.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Introduce public accountability and grievance redress mechanisms for transparency and developing trust with customers. Lack of an effective mechanism for public accountability contributed to the of deficiencies project implementation. It also becomes the main contributor to the WSS sector’s inefficiency. Accountability of public utilities to the public for their services and operations is critical for performance of the WSS sector. Water utility operations are interwoven with public needs.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure dedicated PCU with full-time project director. There is a need for a dedicated project management team led by a director responsible for day-to-day management and completion of each ADB-financed project. The program suffered from high PCU staff turnover including of the director. Frequent change of staff led to delays in approving bid evaluation reports and contract variation orders, as time is needed for new staff to familiarize with project procedures.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Develop higher project readiness. It would have helped to reduce the project start-up delays and avoid gaps in monitoring. Closer ADB monitoring and more review missions may have helped to push critical readiness actions.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Effectively engaging and coordinating with other donor agencies can help avoid duplication of funds for same or similar purposes, e.g., institutional strengthening and capacity building, and maximizing the efficient use of development financing

Project Number: 42489-043
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient utilization of project funds allocated for training and capacity building, in parallel with recruiting additional staff, will enhance the capability and practices of existing staff at the project management and implementation units.

Project Number: 42489-043
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
If requirements on submission of audited project financial statements are properly formulated and covenanted, made realistic, and firmly understood by the executing agency, and timely actions are taken, they will ensure satisfactory implementation of financial covenants.

Project Number: 42489-043
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Keeping designs simple and focused will make projects more manageable and planned outputs more likely to be achieved.

Project Number: 42489-023
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program – Tranche 1
Report Date: