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CSV
Lesson
A systematic evaluation of the relocated households’ livelihoods is vital to ensuring that project interventions do not cause adverse impacts.

Project Number: 29296-013
Project Name: Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough gender analysis and the incorporation of gender targets in the design and monitoring framework (DMFs) are essential to the sound design and implementation of gender action plans (GAPs) in ADB-assisted projects.

Project Number: 29296-013
Project Name: Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to consult owners of relevant public assets and other key stakeholders on their possible roles in projects to generate support and ease implementation.

Project Number: 29296-013
Project Name: Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical experts need to be contracted early in the project cycle to prepare sound engineering designs and cost estimates.

Project Number: 29296-013
Project Name: Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, providing a policy and advisory TA to this type of initiative can help the discussion and negotiations among and between policymakers. Findings and recommendations from data-driven and evidence-based technical studies and outputs produced by the TA can increase the reliability of ADB in policy dialogue. Communicating this body of knowledge to policymakers can generate deeper knowledge among them and at the same time, help foster and strengthen ADB’s involvement in the process.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, conducting a midterm review provides opportunities for TA projects, particularly, cluster TA projects to improve its design, implementation, and monitoring of progress. This was a missed opportunity during the implementation of this cluster RETA. Data and findings from these reviews could have been maximized by ADB. Review findings could have not only fed into the design of subproject 2 but also to the overall design of the cluster RETA. This can result in better monitoring, particularly providing quantitative evidence on the achievements of the cluster RETA.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, designing a complex cluster TA requires a conduct of a detailed risks assessment (i.e., risk strategy matrix vs. DMF statements), involving extensive consultations with the stakeholders. This was apparently done for subproject 2 but was not evident for the cluster RETA.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The improvements in the design were only done for subproject 2, while the overall DMF of the cluster RETA was left unchanged. This resulted in a disconnect and unclear results chain links between subproject 2’s narrowed focus and the cluster RETA’s outcome and outputs at appraisal. In a TA cluster, any changes in the subprojects require a revisit of the cluster TA’s DMF. The timely and critical review of preceding subproject(s) of a cluster TA project helped in ensuring that emerging issues and needs from stakeholders are addressed appropriately within the cluster TA project’s timeframe.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Modernize wastewater discharge standards. Updating the standards based on international good practice (e.g., EU or EPA) and strengthening technical capacity, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms including fees would improve compliance with the wastewater discharge standards. The wastewater standards are currently unattainable with available technologies and capital and are therefore largely neglected by operators and regulators.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Introduce public accountability and grievance redress mechanisms for transparency and developing trust with customers. Lack of an effective mechanism for public accountability contributed to the of deficiencies project implementation. It also becomes the main contributor to the WSS sector’s inefficiency. Accountability of public utilities to the public for their services and operations is critical for performance of the WSS sector. Water utility operations are interwoven with public needs.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure dedicated PCU with full-time project director. There is a need for a dedicated project management team led by a director responsible for day-to-day management and completion of each ADB-financed project. The program suffered from high PCU staff turnover including of the director. Frequent change of staff led to delays in approving bid evaluation reports and contract variation orders, as time is needed for new staff to familiarize with project procedures.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
Develop higher project readiness. It would have helped to reduce the project start-up delays and avoid gaps in monitoring. Closer ADB monitoring and more review missions may have helped to push critical readiness actions.

Project Number: 42489-053
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program - Tranche 4
Report Date:
Lesson
The project preparation should be strengthened to avoid excessive unexpected changes during implementation. Upon detailed design, the estimated civil works cost increased substantially mainly because of price escalation and engineering enhancement. Considering the budget availability, the detailed design was modified with a lower civil works cost and the procurement for one civil works contract was postponed. However, the bids for the civil works contracts was much lower than estimated, about 30%.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Both ADB and the government should pay adequate attention and make reasonable arrangements during project preparation. Aside from delays caused by the shortage of funds, the LAR activities were very slow, especially at some interchange locations for civil works. Eventually, the LAR activities were substantially completed in March 2018, about five years later than planned. Expressway projects require large amounts of land, which also lead to substantial resettlement.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The government should pay adequate attention to the ADB’s policy and procedure, as well as improve its capacity in procurement. Meanwhile, ADB should strengthen project preparation, including providing more training. In 2011, the Office of Anticorruption and Integrity conducted a proactive integrity review on another expressway project in Viet Nam, which identified some issues. In 2016, the follow-up review determined that 16 of the 21 recommendations had been implemented.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
CSV