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Lesson
Sound project design requires adequate technical input and open communication with key participants and/or stakeholders. Greater technical input was necessary to appraise the government’s proposed components during project preparation. Specifically, the design flaws in output 2, credit lines for biogas value chains and other climate-smart agriculture waste management investments, would have been avoided if the processing team had access to livestock, environmental, and institutional specialists with appropriate country knowledge to support the financial management specialist.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Research activities must be undertaken early in project implementation. Where research is needed to guide the introduction of new technologies, such research is better undertaken in advance of a project so that results can be incorporated in the project design. In this project, the 5-year project time frame was too short in undertaking research, evaluating results, and effecting replication. This time frame was further exacerbated by denying the participation of government-owned research institutes in the research program.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement should be exhaustive. Developing a procurement strategy with proper analysis of market availability, operating environment, including capacity assessments of executing and implementing agencies, and risk management will help the project achieve its intended results in a timely manner. Where a project requires participation of government-owned universities or research centers, attention should be paid at project appraisal to para. 1.13 (c) of ADB’s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time).

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Quality construction supervision has a price. All works contracts were supervised by consulting engineers who ensured detailed engineering designs were adopted, and contractors’ progress claims were legitimate, among others. But the quality of works varied, with indications of insufficient funding contributing to the poor quality of many completed works.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Spreading a large number of subprojects in a wide geographical area can reduce implementation efficiency and negatively affect subproject documentation and approval. A set of selection criteria guided this sector project’s investment size of approximately $0.5 million–$4.0 million per subproject. This resulted in many small subprojects that were geographically dispersed and generally failed to complement other infrastructure and hence synergize development impacts in the provinces. This was more evident in Phase 1 than in Phase 2.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Late allocation of provincial counterpart funds is a persistent issue requiring attention from the central government of Viet Nam. Late allocation of counterpart funding slowed down implementation progress and exposed subprojects to additional cost increases through inflation. The central government should consider providing incentives for timely provincial allocations. It could also explore alternative funding arrangements to address the issue.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of future utilization patterns in the upgrading of roads can lead to higher design standards that may require more funds for operation and maintenance (O&M) but will help ensure the operational efficiency of upgraded roads. In Viet Nam, engineering designs are based on established standards that are determined by their levels of utilization. With the upgrading of roads likely to attract increased traffic volumes with an associated change in transport modes, the project carefully considered future utilization patterns in the design of the upgraded rural roads.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Early establishment of a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system with sex-disaggregated data collection and reporting mechanism will facilitate the implementation of the project gender action plan (GAP). The project developed and operationalized a comprehensive M&E system with sex-disaggregated data collection and reporting mechanism. This facilitated GAP implementation and necessary adjustments, especially during Phase 2 that had more gender targets.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate change risks need to be carefully considered in the design of rural infrastructure. There was inadequate integration of disaster and climate change risks into the design of subprojects in the highly vulnerable project provinces. This was highlighted by the collapse of a 450-meter section of the Trieu Dai–Trieu Do commune road (Quang Tri) during severe storms and flooding in 2011.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating into the design of rural infrastructure structures and features that minimize O&M requirements will lead to the optimal use of limited funds. Recognizing limited funding for routine and periodic maintenance, the project incorporated structures and features that minimize the O&M requirements of the rural infrastructure it put in place. Examples such as stilling basins, sediment flushing gates, rubbish screens, and automated gate operating systems (supervisory control and data acquisition) have proved effective and may be considered in similar projects.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of rural infrastructure investments would require a dedicated institution and access to financial resources. An institution responsible for rural infrastructure and access to financial resources are two critical aspects to ensure the sustainability of rural infrastructure investments. The former is considered a necessary condition and the latter a sufficient condition without which sustainability cannot be assured.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Although ADB has no direct relationship with district people’s committees during program implementation, they are in-charge of land acquisition and resettlement on behalf of the city people’s committee. A program design needs to consider this and plan accordingly to equip the relevant officials with the skills and knowledge for effective land acquisition and resettlement, in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Particularly for complex and large-scale projects, with significant safeguard issues, government’s commitment to develop a land acquisition and resettlement road map, which in most cases involve the central government, is necessary to complete land acquisition and resettlement before awarding civil works contracts

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Viet Nam’s procurement law prohibits executing and implementing agencies from issuing bidding documents until capital resources for the packages have been allocated. The procurement for complex projects may take more than 1 year from bidding documents’ issuance to contract awards. Applying ADB’s advanced actions can mitigate this procurement risk.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The executing agency’s involvement is limited during loan review missions. The PCR indicated HCMC People’s Committee lacked ownership of the program as highlighted by the transfer of integrated sustainable urban transport study from the DOT of HCMC to MAUR. The executing agency’s greater involvement and commitment in preparing and implementing mass rapid transit projects can improve ownership and better identify areas of institutional weakness.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date: