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Lesson
The capacity of local governments may vary, hence, particular attention on capacity building is likely to be necessary at this level.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-functioning project steering committee could have played a role in identifying and addressing the consultant selection issues at an earlier time. It could have also identified issues relating to agencies’ capacity to engage in PPP preparation.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
In a decentralized country like Indonesia, the role of local governments is important.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects require close monitoring in the start-up phase, particularly on the initial procurement packages.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The PPP model can help finance relatively large infrastructure projects that directly increase export and government revenue. This approach is particularly relevant in developing countries with weak private sector participation in infrastructure and which lack the capacity for commercial borrowing because of debt sustainability considerations. Some examples of countries in a similar situation are the Kyrgyz Republic, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Nepal, and Tajikistan where large hydropower potential can be developed to increase their power exports using the PPP model.

Project Number: 37399-013
Project Name: Green Power Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Wide consultations during preparation, update, and implementation of an REMDP help build acceptance of the project by the local community.

Project Number: 36352-013
Project Name: Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB staff need to be trained in economic analysis, specifically the identification, quantification, and valuation of economic benefits. This would improve the credibility of EIRR calculations.

Project Number: 39019-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When revising the project scope, ensure that mistakes made during the design phase are not repeated. Before approving new MFF tranches, ensure that all covenants of the previous tranche(s) are met. This needs to be a condition for the disbursement of new funds, as at a later stage, ADB does not have much leverage to enforce such covenants. Focusing on fast loan disbursements can lead to premature procurement and later cancellation, incurring unnecessary financial charges and IDC on the borrower.

Project Number: 37139-033
Project Name: Uttarakhand Power Sector Investment Program–Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for an in-depth examination of GSE’s financial performance to ensure that the risk of large investments in the 400 kV and 500 kV transmission system can be managed. Also, consideration must be given to include in contracts the benefits from power transit and their associated market risks in neighboring countries and investment. This is in view of GSE being unable to manage the risk if the revenue from power transit is linked only to the power flow (footnote 15).

Project Number: 44183-013
Project Name: Regional Power Transmission Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The choice of the MFF as a financing modality appears to decrease the level of due diligence and scrutiny employed when approving single tranches as compared to project-based lending. This needs to be considered as a downside of the MFF modality in general and a more thorough due diligence stage needs to be implemented before approving single tranches, not only at MFF appraisal level.

Project Number: 37139-043
Project Name: Uttarakhand Power Sector Investment Program–Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Since capacity building components of projects are rarely on the critical path to project completion, such as the institutional reform and corporate governance improvement component of this project, capacity building could be undertaken as a stand-alone technical assistance to avoid implementation delays caused by other components of the project.

Project Number: 39019-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More thorough due diligence needs to be conducted related to the feasibility of realization of associated infrastructure that serves as a prerequisite to the project outputs; e.g., transmission lines directly connected to a planned power plant. The uncertainties about their successful implementation need to be reduced or eliminated, if possible, before approving loan disbursements and procurement activities, even if this leads to disbursement delays. This will reduce the risk of loan proceeds being spent unproductively and the burden of financing charges and IDC.

Project Number: 37139-033
Project Name: Uttarakhand Power Sector Investment Program–Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The need to study the structure of the regional power market and hold discussions with the related agencies on introducing measures to increase the price of excess hydropower generation during summer months. This could, for example, be undertaken by a market supervisor or regulator who checks market power.

Project Number: 44183-013
Project Name: Regional Power Transmission Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Before approving new MFF tranches, it is necessary to ensured that all covenants of the first tranches have been met. This needs to be a condition for the disbursement of new funds, because at a later stage, ADB does not have much leverage.

Project Number: 37139-043
Project Name: Uttarakhand Power Sector Investment Program–Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF targets need to be project related. It used a target for impact indicator that linked project output to government revenue. While it is possible to reasonably forecast results, the government revenue may change for reasons unrelated to the project or the sector, as seen in this case.

Project Number: 37399-013
Project Name: Green Power Development Project
Report Date: