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Lesson
At the methodology level, actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what was achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate the successful implementation of policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based grant, particularly during a crisis.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly ambitious performance indicators can undermine some of the program’s achievements, particularly when reforms are undertaken during a crisis. In this program, The higher-level objective of a more inclusive, sustainable, and dynamic knowledge-based economy did not relate closely to the policy actions in the program—apart from the introduction of technical and vocational education and training.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what were achieved, rather than the process of how these were accomplished. For example, an endorsement or approval of a framework, manual, procedure, and others is not an adequate indicator to demonstrate that a policy reform was successfully accomplished, particularly in fragile and small island developing states.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The development partners coordination mechanism and the rolling policy reform matrix provided the government and its development partners a framework to formulate a reform agenda, and design and implement a series of policy actions. It can be expected that this framework will continue to be valuable in supporting the government’s efforts to improve economic management.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In fragile states such as Tuvalu, all phases of the project cycle are likely to require technical assistance (TA) support. The TA was a key support during both the formulation and implementation of the Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure Management Program. Tuvalu faces difficulties due to its size, its fragility, and its vulnerability to climate change and other natural disasters. The country will continue to require consistent TA support to overcome its capacity constraints if it is to achieveits vision for a more resilient economy.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome indicators that do not measure the achievement of outcomes and that are only indirectly linked to the desired outcomes weaken the attainment of objectives.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An uncomplicated program design is a key factor in achieving reform in fragile states. In countries with low public sector capacity, a single-tranche policy-based program, with all policy actions achieved prior to an ADB Board presentation, is an effective means of achieving step-by-step reforms. In the Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure Management Program, the simplicity of design was a feature of the individual policy actions, which were generally self contained and within the capability of the government to implement.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome objectives did not directly link to policy actions and to outputs and therefore were not attained. If the outcome objectives are not closely linked to outputs and are overly ambitious, it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory outcome.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Social protection can be integrated with broader digital and financial inclusion. Strengthening social protection payment delivery systems can promote broader financial inclusion goals, allowing poor and vulnerable populations to save, borrow, and better plan consumption and investment decisions. In this way, social protection can be an effective tool not just to reduce poverty and build resilience, but also to promote economic empowerment and social inclusion. This requires expanding IT solutions, digital payment options, and financial literacy training for program beneficiaries.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued investment in policy dialogue is essential to ensure sustainability and the best resilience outcomes for the country. The policy actions identified in the program’s policy matrix, as well as future target actions identified in the follow-on program’s post-program policy framework, provide an opportunity to further strengthen DRM in Palau and to identify gaps and needs for future support in DRM. The program initiated a long-term policy dialogue with Palau for ADB assistance for DRM.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
To support an effective and sustainable exit strategy for beneficiaries, CCTs must strengthen the productive capacity of poor households. With the Philippines CCT law’s 7-year ceiling on duration of family participation,it will be important to communicate clearly with beneficiaries on their co-responsibilities and establish referral pathways.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the program highlights the importance of the government’s continuing commitment to improve disaster risk management (DRM), including disaster preparedness and response. Adopting a country-led set of policy actions, developed in an open, participatory manner, ensured strong ownership and commitment from the government and reinforced policy dialogue and coordination with various stakeholders.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Incomplete registration and compliance monitoring and unjustified ceilings on the number of eligible beneficiaries can limit the outreach and transformative potential of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs. Unde the Philippines' CCT, all target beneficiaries and children within 4Ps households should be registered and monitored.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Building systems and organizational capacity is critical to the success of social assistance programs. Moving beyond a pilot to a national CCTprogram requires establishing project management structures, robust systems for information management, accountability mechanisms, and significant human resources. Despite impressive growth, the Philippines' CCT program faced challenges as it expanded nationally.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date: