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Lesson
Road maintenance units, backed by adequate skilled personnel and instititutional support for upgraded modernized systems, are required to maximize the benefits from completed road projects. Rural road network maintenance units play a crucial role after the existing 5-year performance based maintenance contract is completed. They will have to prepare and implement state-specific road maintenance programs.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Early and continuous involvement of financial staff and coordination with development partners are crucial to ensure aptly designed financial management arrangements. This is particularly true for multi-donor funded programs that require harmonization of financial management systems. As these were lacking in this project, significant financial management issues were experienced during implementation.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Shifting of utilities need to be included in civil works contracts to avoid delays in construction and ensure that all required utilities are shifted. Contracts should also include precautionary measures to prevent contractors from taking advantage of utility shifting issues in their favor.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Contracts approved for extension for valid reasons or due to force majeure should be allowed a price adjustment. Currently, price adjustment is applicable only within the intended completion date. However, some contracts have to be extended beyond their intended completion dates, e.g., during COVID-19. Based on the COVID-experience, it will be sound to consider allowing price adjustments for any contract approved for extension for valid reasons or due to force majeure. Amendments pertaining to this may be made to the standard bidding document.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Reduced counterpart funding and increased use of loan proceeds will facilitate timely implementation and project closure. This project was designed with substantial counterpart funding from governments. While demonstrating strong ownership, this affected implementation as the governments were unable to disburse the budget on time. Besides reducing the requirement for counterpart funding, sufficient documentation and incorporation of counterpart fund releases in the audited annual financial statements can help facilitate the financial closing of future projects.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Opportunities for knowledge exchange and sharing among resident mission staff need to be included in the design of regional projects. Regional cooperation and integration elements were not included in this project. As a result, resident mission staff missed the opportunity to share knowledge and exchange experiences that would have enhanced their capacities.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishment of professional project administration divisions and retention of experienced and trained government officials in these units can help mitigate the risk of project delays. Project implementation experienced substantial delays despite the preparation of time-bound action plans, project completion was still delayed by 60 months for Lao PDR and 48 months for Viet Nam. The recurrence of this experience in this project may be better addressed by putting in place professional project administration divisions, staffed by trained and experienced personnel.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Processing teams need to ensure that the scope and cost estimate of projects are realistic and reflect the actual contexts. Changes in the procurement plan and safeguards document necessitated by the revisions in project scope and costs caused startup delays. The Viet Nam component had a large amount of undisbursed budget because of overestimations in the cost of civil works and land acquisition and resettlement. Advance actions to engage critical consultants early enough should have helped mitigate the delays.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Review of the gender action plan (GAP) should be done within a year from loan effectiveness to facilitate the enhancement of both the GAP and project implementation. GAP implementation in Viet Nam was challenged by the late recruitment of a gender consultant, which prevented the EA/IA from receiving timely capacity-building inputs and limited the opportunity of the project to improve its gender equality design and targets.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Administration by a single team of future regional projects will enable better assessment of their regional impacts. The sector division in ADB headquarters delegated the administration of this project to respective resident missions after the midterm review in 2016. Country review missions were conducted separately after the delegation, causing discrepancies in loan financial management, safeguard compliance, and benefits and results monitoring. This led to difficulties in assessing the project's regional impacts.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The state government should institutionalize road safety training and awareness among drivers and other road users, to help reduce traffic accidents. The project incorporated several road safety features. Although these helped reduce fatal accidents, there is scope to do more to improve road safety. Common causes of accidents on good roads are negligent driving behavior, neglect of traffic rules, excessive speeding, and/or lack of road safety awareness among road users. These problems are further aggravated in mixed traffic conditions.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Utility shifting can form part of the item-rate and/or engineering, procurement, and construction(EPC) contracts to facilitate the efficient delivery of future projects. In road construction projects, the shifting of utility is often contracted out by the executing agency to third-party entities specializing in utility shifting. However, this arrangement can be misused as an excuse by some contractors, leading to possible delays in the delivery of contracts.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The periodic maintenance payment rates may be standardized for future use. This project incorporated maintenance payments for the first year, allocated at prefixed rates, and with provision for an annual increase in subsequent years. Comparing the periodic maintenance payments made to the contractors with the actual expenditure incurred by the contractors, there is basis for standardizing periodic maintenance payment rates.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A high degree of project readiness during appraisal and before commencement help ensure the timely completion of projects. High project readiness, mainly in having a well-prepared and detailed project report, the award of four contracts out of nine proposed, the availability of adequate project lands, and advanced preconstruction activities, greatly facilitated the project's timely completion.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects, with an intention to have innovative features, including private sector participation, are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. The lack of a clear sector plan in this case resulted in changes in government priorities and decision (i.e., from multimodal to rail-to-rail transshipment, from private operator to state-owned entity).

Project Number: 41192-013
Project Name: Regional Logistics Development Project
Report Date: