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Lesson
An integrated approach to sustainable recovery is necessary to enhance the development impact of the CARES program. While the CPRO’s primary purpose was to deliver emergency assistance to support the government’s pandemic response, it also supported overall measures to keep the government on track in pursuing structural reforms that would enable a sustainable recovery from the pandemic. Such measures cohere around an integrated approach to meet Cambodia’s medium- and long-term recovery needs, including an improved investment environment and sound fiscal governance.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A government-led program with coordinated support from development partners, is effective in enabling a rapid, timely, and highly relevant emergency response to pandemics. ADB’s COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support (CARES) program proved efficacious in channeling support for the Cambodian government to address the adverse social, health, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An off-site sanitation system with a broad coverage area is feasible in Indonesia and may be scaled up to support national sanitation targets. The project, under the Yogyakarta subproject, was to able to successfully operate an off-site sanitation system covering all the administrative areas of the city and the districts of Sleman and Bantul. Against the 14,700 targeted additional sewer connections, it completed 17,880 connections or 121.63% of the target.

Project Number: 39071-013
Project Name: Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to maintain some degree of flexibility to effectively respond to crisis situations. Perhaps the most important quality of Thailand’s CARES program was its ability to rapidly mobilize demand-driven support in a crisis; highlighting the importance in future crisis responses of maintaining some degree of flexibility in both program design and implementation. ADB was able to process and approve the program within 3 months of the government’s initial request for support. Events in Thailand necessitated loan signing to take place about 4 months after ADB approval.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The urgency of the lending produced outcomes that, while unavoidable, are nevertheless instructive. For example, target setting was difficult because the contours of the pandemic were fluid. Liaising with the government was also challenging. The timeline for initial response was tight, and ADB worked with a small number of government teams in the interest of speed. This concentrated approach to planning was complicated by the pandemic affecting government officials’ health and well-being personally.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to digitalize government services in times of crisis. This effort is best pursued through collaboration with the private sector in Indonesia. The collaboration can strengthen the country's defense against future outbreaks and improve the targeting of social assistance. Digitalization including ithe financial sector should remain a focal point of ADB’s policy dialogue with Indonesia.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Gender considerations need to be fully integrated in the design of projects and be reflected in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) to ensure that these are effectively addressed during project implementation. The executing and implementing agencies had limited commitment and involvement in the implementation of the Gender action plan (GAP), reflecting the view that the Gender dimension is separate from the main project activities.

Project Number: 42322-012
Project Name: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Phased implementation of the proxy means test (PMT) is a crucial strategy for providing allowance to important factors affecting the effectiveness of targeted social assistance in reaching its intended beneficiaries. The program duration of 36 months set during the design of the original project was insufficient to introduce a targeting methodology and targeted social assistance in a country where there was no previous related experience.

Project Number: 42322-012
Project Name: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inclusive public consultations and close relationships among stakeholders are crucial to determine the most appropriate design and ensure the smooth implementation especially of project components introduced for the first in the country or project sites. The project design underwent various scope changes, some of which were in response to requests from the Kulhudhuffushi City Council (KCC). The scope changes and additional works delayed project implementation.

Project Number: 36111-013
Project Name: Kulhudhuffushi Harbor Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
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Lesson
Sector risks need to be carefully assessed prior to making an investment decision in a new sector. Bangladesh’s Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) has faced challenges because of its portfolio concentration in renewable energy. While it has taken steps to move away from such concentration of risks, it still needs to further diversify its loan portfolio. Currently, IDCOL is focusing on power sector public-private partnership (PPP) projects.

Project Number: 42180-016
Project Name: Third Public-Private Infrastructure Development Facility
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Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
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Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex and large-scale investment programs demand more rigorous front-end analyses to identify appropriate implementation arrangements and timelines. Drawn-out government approval processes, lack of qualified and experienced consultants, and inadequate high-level support and guidance obstructed the implementation of this investment program. Being a complex and the first-generation bus rapid transit investment in Mongolia, the program required a longer implementation period.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Planning for rail projects should consider integrated systems and holistic planning to maximize benefits. The project delivered a section of rail infrastructure on one line but did not achieve the ridership target of the first year. The project’s contribution to Jaipur’s overall transport system can only be realized as the public transport network develops, servicing a broader area and providing attractive transport solutions for more people.

Project Number: 46417-001
Project Name: Jaipur Metro Rail Line 1-Phase B Project
Report Date: