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Lesson
In designing the desired outputs that are linked to higher-level results, it is important to be consistent within particular operations and across operations that form the program.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening PFM systems at subnational levels requires delineation of key institutional arrangements of the chosen federal system, careful selection of intervention, attention to connecting subnational PFM to the main PFM reform agenda, and productive engagement of key national agencies to reduce unhealthy competition in achieving reforms.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening public financial management )PFM) in a country that is undertaking peace building and state restructuring is challenging; therefore, working toward a long-term horizon, in a flexible way, and with attention to sequencing and overall coherence, is essential.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When doing the design and monitoring framework (DMF) exercise, outcomes should describe the immediate and direct benefits of the project. Outcome statements articulate the change the project is expected to achieve—in this case, the management of in-migration. No separate outcome statement or concept was included in the DMF.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DUDES, TCC, and PCC, need to provide additional support for investments in the urban sector to ensure adequate funding to maintain, build capacity and public awareness, and improve access to urban services. The government’s policy calls for Thimphu and Phuentsholing city governments to outsource maintenance rather than to develop in-house capacity.34 This requires the DUDES, TCC, and PCC to enhance skills in project and program management and outsourcing.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
2. Where a project has ethnic groups as beneficiaries, their culture, traditions, and language need be considered as risks and mitigating measures identified. Mainstreaming them into project might require interventions distinct from the others.

Project Number: 37579-012, 37579-032
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Sustainable Natural Resource Management and Productivity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
1. Also, here are additional project-level lessons: project proposals need to be anchored on a rigorous sector analysis where different scenarios that consider changing policy environment of the state are laid out so that assumptions, indicators, and their performance targets are drawn up with guarded optimism.

Project Number: 37579-012, 37579-032
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Sustainable Natural Resource Management and Productivity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of assessment and monitoring of contingent liabilities causing fiscal risk and limited coverage of public financial management affecting expenditure and fiscal consolidation was an additional risk identified for subprograms 2 and 3.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF was reasonably well-designed and the performance indicators—with the exception of the initial program impact indicators—targets, and baseline data were precise and generally easily measurable. However, the PCR assessed the program against the DMF prepared for subprogram 3, which, like subprogram 2 had no indicators to measure impact, although these were included for subprogram 1.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project-level lesson: Assistance provided in response to a crisis should only include essential conditions for disbursement. ADB’s Project Administration Instructions stated that the use of conditions for withdrawal should be limited to the extent possible. In this program, four disparate conditions were included as conditions for disbursement without discussion or justification in the RRP.

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Target dates for performance indicators should be sufficiently set long after the likely date of disbursement or policy action. This is to identify a plausible causal relationship between investments and actions taken by the program and a change in the performance indicators. This was not the case in the performance indicators under output 1.

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Project assets should have been handed over to fishing communities in project districts. Another impact of discontinuity under the project was poor asset management of social infrastructure. The MMAF did not hand over the constructed assets to the district or village at project completion. It is necessary that all infrastructure built under a project is handed over formally to appropriate institutions before the project ends.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of human resources should be ensured. During COREMAP II implementation, NGOs were engaged for 16 months and facilitated to set up community groups in villages, e.g., MCS groups, coral reef management bodies, and women’s groups. Several months after the NGOs left, district governments (Bintan, Natuna) assigned extension workers, but the NGOs’ engagement period was too short to ensure that the community groups were adequately operational and functional. In most villages, NGO staff were not absorbed into extension worker positions.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date: