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Lesson
Policy or institutional changes are most likely to be adopted when there is a perceived need by the population or the institutions involved, rather than when considered theoretically appropriate by technical experts.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
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Lesson
Reform programs grounded in government policy and sound technical assessments remain viable despite changes in government and socioeconomic difficulties.

Project Number: 52073-001
Project Name: Improving Public Investment Management Program
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Lesson
The implementation and sustainability of policy reforms, which can be challenging, require strong and continued political ownership, commitment, leadership, and coordination among key government agencies.

Project Number: 51199-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement Program
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Lesson
A thorough understanding of the capacity and readiness of the EAs and IAs at all levels, along with proper timing and sequencing, is imperative for reforms to succeed.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, 3)
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Lesson
Careful attention to overlapping regulations is needed to streamline and enhance the efficiency of the reform process.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, 3)
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Lesson
Wide-ranging and ambitious reform programs are hardly implementable.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
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Lesson
Proper sequencing of reforms entails focusing first on the more basic ones before introducing technically challenging reform concepts.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
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Lesson
Selecting policy actions that within the purview of the executing agency (EA) will facilitate implementation.

Project Number: 50254-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Customs Reform and Modernization for Trade Facilitation Program
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Lesson
Long-term ADB engagement with the government provides a solid foundation for the design and implementation of reforms.

Project Number: 50254-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Customs Reform and Modernization for Trade Facilitation Program
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Lesson
Identifying critical risks and assumptions are an important element of design. However, design could also usefully identify mechanisms to mitigate these risks.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
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Lesson
Drawing on lessons from similar previous TA projects can help in robust design that is responsive to DMC needs, isrealistic, and adopts best practice. This could help to get greater stakeholder engagement in complex processes such as regional capital market integration.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
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Lesson
An additional lesson would address the design shortcomings of the second outcome indicator. Measuring the participants’ intention to put into practice what they learned from the trainings does not measure if they actually and successfully put those learnings into practice. Thus, such indicator cannot adequately capture the extent to which capacity was improved.

Project Number: 48139-001
Project Name: Enhancing the Institutional Capacity of the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation also offers these lessons: 2. IIn DMF design, it is also best practice if indicator targets are made specific and defined based on the full extent of results expected under an output, rather than a partial result. For this TA, the indicator 1c was defined as "at least 3 market centers for upgrading identified," and the TA did identify 3 market centers for upgrading. However, the TCR considers the output as only partly achieved, because the TA did not provide a summary of the detailed upgrading needs of the markets, which was foreseen in the TA activities.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
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Lesson
Appropriate point, but this lesson could have been better phrased as follows: During TA planning and design, an active coordination between the ADB project officer and the nominated client representative is necessary to ensure that the TA design keeps pace with evolving client needs and can be adjusted as necessary prior to the TA project’s approval.

Project Number: 48139-001
Project Name: Enhancing the Institutional Capacity of the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation also offers these lessons: 1. In DMF design, it is most favorable if quantitative indicator targets are described with sufficient context to clearly rationalize the target values. This provides a transparent and logical basis and facilitates the assessment of the validity of the targets. Lack of information on how targets were set and then revised hinders validation.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
Report Date: