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Lesson
As envisaged in the TA’s risk analysis, changes in government and weak government support for the project can create risks in the implementation of the TA. Fortunately, team efforts at the resident mission and the increase of government support created consistency of the TA with the ADB country partnership strategy for Kazakhstan for 2017–2021 that commits extensive support to water and agriculture sectors, indicating IWRM as a key area for intervention. The TA was designed to highlight an existing knowledge gap using the best technical applications.

Project Number: 51364-001
Project Name: Establishment of Kazakstan Knowledge Center on Integrated Water Resources Management
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Lesson
Frequent and active coordination and consultation with relevant ministries and stakeholders during TA design process contributed to identifying ADB’s and SASEC member countries’ priorities.

Project Number: 47107-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation CrossBorder Power Trade Development
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Lesson
The contracted level of inputs of the consultants were fully utilized, but there were no final reports submitted. It may be worthwhile considering milestone payments instead of time-based contracts to help the TA officer control the progress and quality of deliverables.

Project Number: 48005-001
Project Name: Improving Energy Efficiency, Emission Control, and Compliance Management of the Manufacturing Industr
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Lesson
Research to inform policy needs to be carefully planned and designed with a realistic scope and precise focus to achieve useful results. Research under Output 3 combined a literature review and internet search with interviews with manufacturing sector organizations in the United States and the European Union. However, the TA team had difficulty obtaining meaningful replies to advance the study. In the TA consultant report, the team acknowledged that they may have asked the wrong questions.

Project Number: 48005-001
Project Name: Improving Energy Efficiency, Emission Control, and Compliance Management of the Manufacturing Industr
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Lesson
Improvement of institutional structures and internal procedures of the government within this TA’s timeframe was challenging, particularly under the paper-based administration process. Further support for data collection and analysis system will be needed.

Project Number: 46370-002
Project Name: Improving Road Network Management and Safety
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Lesson
Seeking further synergies with ADB’s Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) and Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) programs can contribute to greener infrastructure development in the region. The TA’s potential to foster regional cooperation integration was not fully explored due to lack of planning and coordination with the CAREC initiatives at the design stage. The project team tried to remedy this shortcoming by conducting a larger final workshop event in December 2018 with the CAREC guests.

Project Number: 48472-001
Project Name: Promotion of Environmentally Sustainable Infrastructure Investment in Asia and the Pacific
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Lesson
The TA enjoyed the benefits of engaging with national strategic partners and stakeholders to strengthen mainstreaming climate change concerns in national development planning. In particular, the TA’s output 2, which was designed to be open and flexible, helped accommodate the South Asian DMCs’ request for support for climate change–related priority capacity building activities that can be implemented within the scope of the regional TA.

Project Number: 46470-001
Project Name: Action on Climate Change in South Asia
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Lesson
The TA was designed adequately. However, future TA projects, with similar technical complexity, should allocate more time and resources for the preparatory phase such as detailing more accurately data collection and translation responsibilities. The planning phase should also consider that state-owned enterprises are often influenced by political decisions going beyond a specific sector and, therefore, additional time is necessary.

Project Number: 50318-001
Project Name: Fostering the Development of Renewable Energy
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Lesson
The importance of focused group discussions with the implementing agencies cannot be overemphasized. Having an open communication at the onset would ensure an efficient planning of activities, budget, and timelines. With this, the IAs were able to have realistic targets and eventually accomplished the needed tasks.

Project Number: 49342-001
Project Name: Implementing ICT Tools to Improve Data Collection and Management of National Surveys in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals
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Lesson
TA design gave the IAs primary responsibility for executing and monitoring the TA activities. This helped foster strong government ownership and buy-in.

Project Number: 48006-001
Project Name: Improving Efficiency in Public Service Procurement, Delivery, and Financing
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Lesson
The TA design and its outputs were an amalgam of diverse activities. Most of these outputs could have been managed under separate TA projects.

Project Number: 48040-001
Project Name: Export- and Innovation-Led Industrial Development
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Lesson
Outputs could have been better streamlined as some components were overlapping. For example, outputs 1, 2, and 4 were discussing international practices and the three PPP type of funds, i.e., VGFs, lending facilities, and guarantee funds, and its applicability to PRC conditions. It is unclear whether different types were proposed for use by different levels of government. The original aim was to promote standardized application of a PPP model.

Project Number: 48377-001
Project Name: Financing Public-Private Partnerships
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Lesson
The TA could have a scope for detailed consultations with poorly performing executing agencies identified in project completion reports, and interventions could have been more targeted based on the needs assessment.

Project Number: 45376-001
Project Name: Capacity Building for Portfolio Management
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Lesson
The TA project was consistent with ADB’s country operations business plan (2015–2017) and government’s Sixth Five-Year Plan (2011–2015). However, on the design part, the TA project could have assessed the feasibility of the scope before their inclusion in the TA output, such as the possibility of the solar irrigation pumps. Such due diligence could have avoided changes in the output 1 activities during the implementation period. Output 5: inventory of mini-grid sites could have been linked to the ensuing project. The TA lacked the social mobilization, training and start up support.

Project Number: 48432-001
Project Name: Enabling Poor Women's Benefits from Enhanced Access to Energy in Hatiya Island
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Lesson
Utilization of the same consultant team in supporting processing of a number of maritime projects enabled an efficient means of transferring knowledge on common challenges, such as incorporation of best practices on climate change and disaster resilience into project design. The TA facilitated policy dialogue amongst the DMCs, leading to development of several projects that were incorporated in the respective country partnership strategies.

Project Number: 46502-001
Project Name: Trade and Transport Facilitation in the Pacific
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