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Lesson
Land acquisition issues in PNG are more difficult to resolve than in other countries, as 97% of land is customarily owned. In this project, In this project, In this project, they were harder to contend with than expected at design stage due to changes in weather patterns that affected travel plans, with many of the sites located at sea. In a project as widely dispersed geographically as this one, more time will also have to be allowed for site access and community engagement activities.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
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Lesson
Designation of an alternate TA team leader despite resource constraints is necesssary to ensure seamless project continuity and institutional knowledge transfer. It will also mitigate potential disruptions caused by staff turnover.

Project Number: 54344-001
Project Name: Supporting the Establishment of a CAREC Regional Infrastructure Projects Enabling Facility
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Lesson
All the output and activity requirements to achieve planned outcomes need to be identified and mapped out in a clear implementation plan with well-defined targets and a definite timeframe. The original project design overlooked securing donor funding as a key output for establishing the Facility. The proposed timeline for stakeholder consultations was overly optimistic.

Project Number: 54344-001
Project Name: Supporting the Establishment of a CAREC Regional Infrastructure Projects Enabling Facility
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Lesson
Designation of existing consultants to higher positions and responsibility levels may be explored to fill vacancies during implementation. There were two changes to the team leader position. The first was due to the resignation of the specialist because of an unexpected urgent assignment from his hiring university. The consultant recruited as the replacement team leader was not capable of performing the role. Instead of going through contract termination and recruitment process again, the TA team appointed the national simulation specialist, who had demonstrated strong leadership.

Project Number: 54037-001
Project Name: Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang
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Lesson
Extensions in project implementation period provide opportunities not only to fully achieve but also enhance project results. In this case, the agreement on TA extension was premised not only on overcoming delays due to COVID-19 but also to facilitate additional safeguards and technical studies which provided better upstream guidance to the detailed design phase of the ensuing project the TA supported.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
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Lesson
Close communication and timely adjustments in implementation arrangements help minimize the impact of disruptions and ensure TA completion within the original or revised timeframes.

Project Number: 52070-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Regional Energy Cooperation
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Lesson
Frequent review missions are crucial to overcoming implementation challenges. The TA was administered by staff located in head office with good support from the Pakistan Resident Mission. However, ADB staff assignment changed during the TA implementation period; and the limitations and delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic induced challenges to consultant management and client interaction. Frequent review missions significantly helped address these challenges.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
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Lesson
Responding to the government’s changing needs and external factors could cause delays in the delivery of expected TA outputs particularly capacity building activities. Furthermore, organizational restructuring of revenue agencies, as well as frequent turnover of counterpart staff meant that capacity building was constantly in repeat mode. Addressing these issues could lead to efficiency gains and could help the government reach key performance targets quicker.

Project Number: 53105-001
Project Name: Strengthening Tax Policy and Administration Capacity
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Lesson
Construction timelines in climate-affected areas need to be reliably assessed to minimize completion delays. The construction timelines for Karamyk BCP, located at altitude of 2,300 meters above sea level, were tight. The contractor faced various issues due to the harsh weather, electricity supply interruptions, and delays with the supply of materials and equipment. Combined with the contractor’s relatively low financial capacity, this resulted in a 4-year construction period versus the originally planned 15-month implementation timeline.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
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Lesson
Trade facilitation reforms and national single window (NSW) development are complex undertakings requiring much time to be completed. This project's timelines were very ambitious with regard to the NSW component given that it required institutional and regulatory reforms; business process reengineering across multiple government agencies; as well as design, development, and integration of the SWIS.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
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Lesson
For TA requiring knowledge product publication, the Department of Communication and Knowledge Management, ADB needs to be consulted early in TA implementation. This would have helped prevent TA implementation period to be extended by 8 months partly to ensure the quality of the knowledge product.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
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Lesson
A longer implementation is required for complex TA projects. The TA was designed to support the development of a new economic corridor development (ECD) framework and operational guidelines that apply to the Central and West Asian countries and beyond. Taking lessons from other long-term ECD-related TAs, the TA could have been designed for a longer time frame from the start, with a more realistic timeline for completion, given the complexity of the ECD and the COVID-19- related constraints. A regular TA, instead of a small-scale TA, could have been a better option.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
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Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
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Lesson
Early identification of the need to cancel subprojects and faster decision-making on project scope changes could shorten the extension of project implementation periods. This project's completion date was extended twice for a cumulative period of 3 years from the original completion of 31 December 2018. The first extension was until 31 December 2020 for the utilization of loan savings across different subprojects, necessitating a minor change in project scope that could have been shortened had the request for the scope change been made earlier.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
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Lesson
Government leadership and coordination are key to successful sector reforms. The main reason for the delay in completing subprogram 3 was because of the time needed to complete the coordination for a presidential regulation that required more interministerial coordination and agreements than a ministerial regulation. While this additional requirement makes this action more irreversible, overcoming the coordination challenge was not without difficulty. Government leadership for careful coordination was critical in completing this policy action.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date: