For the third ring road (TRR), there were several variations caused by design changes or differences between the engineering designs and actual field conditions, which included (i) addition of a pump station to the subgrade package due to an exceptional design change, (ii) rapid expansion of the urban areas, (iii) inaccurate preliminary design and engineering designs, (iv) emerging urban infrastructure demands during project construction. A more accurate detailed design based on a well-coordinated inter-agency strategy would have helped to avoid unexpected variations as well as increased resettlement costs. Better preparation and coordination would have been of great value to the design of interchanges, grade separations, pedestrian bridges, and traffic safety measures along the TRR and its connector roads.
Xi'an Urban Transport Project