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Lesson
The appointment of TA country focals is critical for sustained coordination and to ensure that TA activities remain relevant and responsive to each of the countries' priorities and needs. But in this case, the nature of TA activities required the involvement of other government agencies in each country, such as the ministries of emergency situations, and in particular, the ministries of finance and the ministries of health. Increased engagement with RMs and national experts will be useful to ensure intersectoral coordination in subsequent TAs in this field.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
Report Date:
Lesson
English and Russian language TA publications increased the visibility of project activities and this may be replicated in future similar projects. Video tutorials on a CAREC Disaster Risk Modelling Interface (DRMI), an interactive online platform, was particularly helpful in allowing country stakeholders to visualize their risk profiles, perform high-level cost-benefit analyses of implementing disaster risk reduction measures, and quantify risk transfer costs for earthquake and flood parametric insurance structures.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
Report Date:
Lesson
Greater invovement from resident missions (RMs), e.g., by designating RM staff to regional TA teams, is important to ensure that potential solutions identified through analytical work are translated into tangible projects. Conversely, team members of regional TAs may also be involved in country programming.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
Report Date:
Lesson
It will be essential to find a balance in future TA projects between continuing support for the whole region and having activities and outputs focus on a subset of countries to allow for more granularity in analyses and deeper engagements. This was the first TA for the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) in the field of disaster risk financing (DRF), and as such, was designed to cover all 11 CAREC countries.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
Report Date:
Lesson
A knowledge-sharing workshop in targeted beneficiary countries of a regional TA project could help strengthen the concept development of future such TA. This interactive approach offers several advantages, including: (i) Enhanced stakeholder engagement. A workshop focusing on the initial research findings would allow representatives from benefiting countries to participate actively from the outset. This would foster a sense of ownership and enhance buy-in for the initiative by ensuring stakeholders feel invested in its success. (ii) Improved needs identification.

Project Number: 54344-001
Project Name: Supporting the Establishment of a CAREC Regional Infrastructure Projects Enabling Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing outcome and output indicators that are consistent with the project design allows appropriate assessment of project achievement against the defined targets. Well-formulated indicators support the accurate measurement of project achievements as defined in the design and monitoring framework. For example, the reduction in transport costs could be directly measured by lower transport fares and vehicle operating costs.

Project Number: 47281-001
Project Name: National Highway Network Development in Balochistan Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence for future projects should include developing a thorough understanding of the institutional setup and internal review and approval procedures as well as mapping out effective mitigation measures to minimize delays. This project's implementation was affected by cumbersome approval mechanisms at the executing agency (EA) headquarters for contract variations and extensions. Frequent interventions by ADB and EA top management were required to expedite decision-making.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing the design and monitoring frameworks (DMFs) for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO), the approach was to extract aspects of the government's response plan that reflected ADB priorities and offered points of engagement with the government, and to restrict the number of indicators and targets so as not to burden the government. However, an unintended consequence is that this can weaken the logic and evidence base of the DMF, making it difficult to satisfactorily demonstrate the achievement of the program outcome.

Project Number: 54193-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance management system (PPMS) created difficulties in estimating the economic benefits of the project. A PPMS would provide data on which to base more accurate EIRR estimates and the development impacts of road projects.

Project Number: 40075-033
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of specificity in the DMF creates difficulties in assessing the development impacts of road projects. For example, a decrease in the road fatality rate in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was a poor indicator for road safety on the project road.

Project Number: 40075-033
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong leadership for reforms and continued coordinated political support are necessary for the resolution of circular debt in Pakistan’s power sector

Project Number: 47015-001, 47015-002, 47015-003
Project Name: Sustainable Energy Sector Reform Program (Subprograms 1, 2, 3)
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Lesson
Pakistan needs to strengthen its road asset management strategy.

Project Number: 40075-023, 40075-033, 40075-043
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (Tranche 3 and MFF)
Report Date:
Lesson
Early implementation of a pragmatic approach to land acquisition and compensation payments and incorporation of simplified payment procedures into the land acquisition and resettlement plans (LARPs) will be beneficial for future ADB-financed greenfield projects in Pakistan.

Project Number: 40075-023, 40075-033, 40075-043
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (Tranche 3 and MFF)
Report Date:
Lesson
A pragmatic approach to land acquisition, informed by good practices from projects involving multiple agencies, both federal and provincial, will be particularly important and beneficial for future ADB-financed greenfield projects in Pakistan.

Project Number: 40075-033
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program, Tranche 2
Report Date: