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Lesson
Effective coordination and harmonization of policies, strategies, and action plans among the development partners can meaningfully support fragile countries. The joint policy reform matrix (JPRM) demonstrated how four development partners came together to provide sizable budget support to Tonga in its hour of need, when the country faced multiple challenges, including disasters triggered by natural hazards, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a fragile economy.

Project Number: 55016-001
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An innovative approach is needed to encourage the government in implementing critical reforms, but the approach needs to be culturally sensitive. The program shows that a reform associated with a wage bill is difficult to implement. Layoffs or significant cuts in overtime payment have social ramifications and need to be dealt with sensitively, especially when there are limited alternative employment opportunities.

Project Number: 55016-001
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained commitment, coordination, and collaboration are critical foundations for the continued effectiveness of the CDF modality, as capacity limitations and competing political priorities pose challenges in many small Pacific DMCs.DMCs have remained committed to reforms during and after the first two phases. The program improved in coordination and collaboration between borrower entities responsible for finance and DRM.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Staffing and consultant resources for country engagement as well as technical assistance (TA) appear still limited relative to the number of countries and the program scope. ADB’s role in coordinating and systematically addressing DRM has been strengthened through the program. The attached TA has been playing a growing role in boosting ADB capacity (including for knowledge building and sharing), and the overlap and continuity of the new TA attached to the program’s fourth phase approved in 2023 is positive.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Partnerships and cofinancing possibilities need to be further explored, considering that traditional and emerging bilateral and multilateral partners have a strong presence in the Pacific which could provide opportunities for greater collaboration.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
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Lesson
Land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) in Tonga needs to be allotted relatively more time for implementation.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With demonstrated capability and the distinct advantage of local grounding, national contractors may be considered for future midrange urban projects in Tonga.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Tonga’s key urban sector agencies continue to have inadequate capacity to replace capital costs.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date: