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Lesson
In a federal–provincial type of country having multiple government structures, sectoral functions, and finances are intricately interwoven. Factoring such institutional arrangements fully while designing projects is critical and requires extra effort to ensure an effective coordination and coherence.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
At project appraisal, staff turnover in government agencies including project implementing units (PIUs) was identified as a risk. It could have been prudent for the resident mission to provide insight into mitigation measures based on experience in other ADB projects and those of other development partners, particularly in ensuring proper repository of project documents to facilitate the efficient transfer of project responsibilities to new PIU staff.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong government commitment and ownership are crucial to the quality of project preparation and sustainability. Specifically, establishing a clear institutional arrangement (such as, which agency performs the routine and periodic maintenance, among other things) and sound operation and maintenance strengthens the funding mechanisms of the project after completion. In this project, the government showed a high degree of ownership in ensuring that adequate budgetary sources are in place to ensure the financing of routine road maintenance.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-004
Project Name: Second Road Network Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranches 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The formal government and development partner coordination mechanisms offer the opportunity to reduce transaction costs for all parties and increase the likelihood of a good quality program design and implementation. In the case of Solomon Islands, it utilized a wellestablished coordination mechanism to undertake policy dialogue, to design a program that is responsive to the country’s needs, and to jointly oversee program implementation.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Single-tranche and stand-alone policy-based programs can be an appropriate instrument to support reforms in fragile states provided that (i) these take place in the context of an ongoing, long-term development partnership; and (ii) there is a demonstrated government commitment to pursue substantial reforms over an extended time frame. Moreover, such programs need to be supported by ongoing capacity development in key agencies. In fragile states, the risks to implementing and sustaining reforms are amplified by external shocks and natural disasters.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the program indicates that working with state governments in India is an appropriate level for PBLs, which may not be achieved at the national-level when instituting similar reforms. Success at the state-level offers an opportunity for scaling-up or replicating the experience in other states with similar issues.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-matched policy-based loan and technical assistance is a promising approach that can enable the attainment of more ambitious and technically difficult reform results.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A road map approach, which integrates intensive support for all the three triage groupings (liquidated, privatized, and retained and improved), agreed or urged in the 2013 IMF Extended Fund Facility and reiterated in 2019, and provides a much more targeted and politically sensitive communication strategy can help Pakistan gain headway in reforming its PSEs.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The outcomes of policy-based loans could be improved by a more appropriate balance between the technical assistance amount provided to assist in implementing the reform agenda and the usually large element of loan finance provided to support adjustment costs.

Project Number: 48065-002
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate targeting method and the quality of the fiscal stimulus are crucial in supporting CSF programs.

Project Number: 50145-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support Facility Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent ADB supervision is required to counter the delays in completing construction is standard for Solomon Islands.

Project Number: 48293-001
Project Name: Transport Sector Flood Recovery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The PRC’s energy market is dominated by government oversight and regulation, rather than market principles; flexibility is therefors required to adapt project implementation to evolving market conditions and government priorities.

Project Number: 40524-013
Project Name: Shandong Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Multilateral and bilateral agreement would be more helpful if undertaken before loan approval as it would indicate buy-in and commitment by participating countries.

Project Number: 40054-013
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Information Highway
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB would have enabled it to continue contributing its expertise to the reform process, keep itself informed of the evolving views of the government, and help clarify ADB’s future role in the reform process.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date: