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Lesson
Risk assessment is an important part of program initiation and requires all parties involved to assess the risks and develop meaningful mitigation strategies.

Project Number: 39538-023
Project Name: MFF–SOE Reform and Corporate Governance Facilitation Program—Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of sex-disaggregated data is a key feature of programs that support women and the policy-based loan funds could have been used as leverage to create such database.

Project Number: 45230-001
Project Name: Women’s Entrepreneurship Support Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program, if designed as a multitranche financing facility where disbursements are made under several tranches according to the agreed criteria, can provide better incentives for continued policy reform efforts by the government.

Project Number: 48479-001
Project Name: Economic Growth and Fiscal Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Constraints to small and medium enterprise (SME) financing should have been fully identified at appraisal and addressed in the design.

Project Number: 44060-024
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of the cluster approach provides a framework for a 5-year partnership between ADB and government, giving sufficient time for reforms to take hold and capacity building to take place.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to balance policy-based lending and capacity building through project grants.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly complex sanitary and phytosanitary standards technology grants pose challenges to potential participants.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Manageable and tightly focused reform agenda, incentives provided to the government to continue the reforms, and linking the program to the trade policy sector-wide approach all contributed to the successful project outcome.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 46093-001, 46093-004
Project Name: Inclusive Growth through Improved Connectivity Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB had gained experience in Pakistan’s municipal services sector and these were recorded in past PCRs and country assistance program evaluations. Except for the successful Punjab Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project, available PCRs rated ADB’s interventions less than successful, including the recent experience with the Megacity Development Project in the Sindh province (footnote 28). Lessons from these experiences could have been applied to the design of this MFF.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Changing performance targets and due dates midstream is not warranted.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of assessment and monitoring of contingent liabilities causing fiscal risk and limited coverage of public financial management affecting expenditure and fiscal consolidation was an additional risk identified for subprograms 2 and 3.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding and managing PPP contracts involve a significant level of capacity for implementation agencies; and the private sector perceives political risks in the use of public lands as part of PPP contracting schemes.

Project Number: 37091-033
Project Name: Agribusiness Infrastructure Development Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date: