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Lesson
The ownership and rationale of policy reforms need to be carefully assessed at appraisal. Strong ownership and consistent government support are critical to the success of program loans. As such, the ownership and rationale of policy reforms should be carefully assessed at appraisal. In assessing ownership, it is important to remember that policy actions affect many stakeholders, both within and outside the government.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB with the government is imperative. To maintain reform momentum, ADB’s continued engagement with the government is a must even after the program is completed. One mechanism could be through a post-program partnership framework. While facilitating monitoring of the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants, this will also enable ADB to identify follow-on actions where it can have value addition.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of government’s priorities. Involving the provincial and district levels and strengthening their capacity to identify and address the local needs reflected the government’s Sam Sang initiative, giving provinces and the districts more responsibilities and authorities. The reforms offered an opportunity to effectively apply the new policy, resulting in a strong government support for HSGP. ADB’s capacity-building activities at the provincial level in previous health projects provided useful experience to better target technical support at all levels.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation arrangements ensured that the provincial health offices, as implementing agencies, were stakeholders of the reforms. Rather than simply following instructions from the center, the provinces were involved in the program, better understood the reform objectives, and supported the implementation of the HSRS.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure the formulation of a well-grounded design, a thorough preparatory assessment could be undertaken by including the political environment and the risk of corruption in a country. In cases where corruption is perceived as being high, support for better performance and greater accountability in public financial management systems plays a crucial role.

Project Number: 48458-001, 48458-003
Project Name: Expanding Private Participation in Infrastructure Program
Report Date:
Lesson
On the PBL design, the DMF should have identified the results of each policy action rather than adopting them as the output indicators. More rigor should be taken in selecting the outcome indicators. The indicators used for school attendance and dropout rates were neither appropriate to measure the result of the program nor its policy actions and suggest a weak design. Since the state is highly committed to pursuing the reforms, it could be argued that these reforms would have been carried out anyway by the government despite the program.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of a well-designed platform for generating long-term savings and investment products results in low achievement of program results.

Project Number: 48427-001, 48427-002
Project Name: Encouraging Investment through Capital Market Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of assessment and monitoring of contingent liabilities causing fiscal risk and limited coverage of public financial management affecting expenditure and fiscal consolidation was an additional risk identified for subprograms 2 and 3.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although there clearly was a commitment to change in relation to most tranche conditions, there was back-tracking on the initial commitment to divest state-owned enterprises. However, after considerable reflection and reconsideration of options over the program period, all state-owned enterprises were successfully divested, and the benefits of this - significantly better operations and financial performance of the ongoing enterprises, and cost savings for those wound up - are increasingly appreciated.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It was not until the establishment of working groups for each of the tranche conditions in late 2005, under the initiative of the program support unit (PSU), that ownership of the process became more localized. There were delays in the development of work plans and budgets, and the consequent disbursement of funds to the working groups caused a delay in meeting tranche conditions. However, resolving difficulties and obstacles was made easier by empowering the working groups to come up with their own ideas and solutions through internal processes.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implied assumption of the TA work plan (with its heavy emphasis on early TA inputs) was that the policy and institutional reforms would be achieved quite early on and that the remainder of the time would involve just monitoring and evaluation of implementation. Policy reforms take time, and continued monitoring and effort are required from the TA, the counterparts, the government, and ADB throughout the program in order to effect policy and institutional change.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date: