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Lesson
The government needs to do more to provide leaderahip and guidance to infrastructure projects in Kiribati. The Project Steering Commitee, renamed in 2016 as the National Infrastructure Development Steering Committee, was set up to guide several other infrastructure projects aside from this one. Therefore, it can provide only limited support to the ADB project. Achieving the intended impacts of a major project such as ADB's requires regular and proactive direction from senior government representatives through all phases of the project.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To maximize impacts, community engagement components along with sufficient budget and post-project continuity plans need to be embedded in the design of projects that entail behavioral change. This project's community engagement component was designed and implemented as a broad-based outreach program to encourage behavioral change in personal waste disposal and hygiene, especially handwashing with soap, across all communities in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Collection of both quantitative and qualitative data on gender impacts need to be incorporated in the design of future community engagement initiatives. Such data should provide indications on how and to what degree the initiative reduces women's time poverty, improves their well-being, and boosts their ability to engage in productive activities.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate staffing levels and frequent staff turnovers make training efforts less effective and sustainable. Under their existing structures, all the key project agencies faced challenges due to the perennial shortage of key personnel, made worse by high staff turnover. Therefore, it has been essential for ADB to continually review staff skills and capabilities and corporate structures, and implement measures to fill capacity gaps.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project procurement and implementation guidelines and procedures should be firmed up prior to project start-up especially in cofinanced projects where each financing institution has its own procedures and guidelines to follow.

Project Number: 44281-013
Project Name: Kiribati: Road Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough evaluation of the implementation schedules of foreign and locally-funded projects in South Tarawa should have been determined and reviewed, overlaps identified, and coordination established between the projects and the implementing agency.

Project Number: 44281-013
Project Name: Kiribati: Road Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Joint donor support in a small country can provide a significant incentive for reform. Joint support provides an incentive because of its potential significance in overall GDP. Nevertheless, it is still important that reform is country-owned. In Kiribati, the government could see the cost of maintaining its existing fiscal policy because of its negative impact on the RERF, so the external shock also provided an incentive to reform.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Limit the policy matrix to a few critical actions. While Kiribati had an incentive to reform, the country also has limited reform capacity. It needs to focus on a few critical actions and to be clear on the development outcome of each prior action, including identifying an indicator that can be monitored. The requirement where the five largest SOEs were to submit audited accounts may have underestimated the institutional capacity that was required to achieve it.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarity between the policy matrix and the DMF is important for monitoring and evaluating results. A clear line between the prior actions and the overall development outcome is important so that the program achievements can be judged consistently.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
TA support is important. If a TA grant is not directly provided to support reform implementation, it is important to link reforms to existing areas of technical assistance. ADB helped support SOE reforms before and after grant release, so there was existing support in the area, which would continue after the PBL. The program also benefited from the government and development partners creating a joint policy matrix, which listed a series of policy actions that preceded grant release and supported a post-partnership framework.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date: