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Lesson
Combining finance sector development and financial inclusion under an umbrella framework enables a finance sector reform program to address both supply and demand to further develop the sector. The program as originally designed was to include two subprograms. Technical assistance, provided to help the government continue the reform measures adopted in subprogram 1, was key in supporting many of the reforms programmed under subprogram 2, even as the government elected not to proceed with a second loan. Nevertheless, government elected not to proceed with a second loan.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
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Lesson
It is critical that the risk assessment and management plan of the project preparatory technical assistance in the tourism sector incorporate measures to be taken in case of future pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic led to delays in realizing project tourism benefits. Nevertheless, the ensuing pent-up demand from domestic and foreign tourists seems likely to lead to increases in future incremental visitor numbers, visitor days, and visitor expenditure from each of the subprojects. These increases could contribute to the financial sustainability of the subprojects.

Project Number: 46293-005
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
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Lesson
Spreading a large number of subprojects in a wide geographical area can reduce implementation efficiency and negatively affect subproject documentation and approval. A set of selection criteria guided this sector project’s investment size of approximately $0.5 million–$4.0 million per subproject. This resulted in many small subprojects that were geographically dispersed and generally failed to complement other infrastructure and hence synergize development impacts in the provinces. This was more evident in Phase 1 than in Phase 2.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
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Lesson
Assessing and clarifying the indirect economic welfare generated by the provision of public goods is essential since these are not readily evident, especially in a regional context.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
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Lesson
Compliance with ADB procurement guidelines must be immediately established rather than after the completion of the civil works.

Project Number: 40198-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City–Long Thanh–Dau Giay Expressway Construction Project
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Lesson
A sector-level road map should be included at initial design and appraisal to avoid missing a key link that enhances the connectivity of project roads.

Project Number: 40198-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City–Long Thanh–Dau Giay Expressway Construction Project
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Lesson
It is important to consider the institutional differences between public and private providers and to incorporate these differences into project design.

Project Number: 41339-013
Project Name: Skills Enhancement Project
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Lesson
The management of food quality and safety requires actions beyond the development of a regulatory framework.

Project Number: 39421-013
Project Name: Quality and Safety Enhancement of Agricultural Products and Biogas Development Project
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Lesson
Health human resources management (including planning, teaching, and quality control) requires skills that are very different from sector financing.

Project Number: 40354-013
Project Name: Health Human Resources Sector Development Program
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Lesson
The diversification of generation mix helps lower the risk of supply outages during the low river flow season.

Project Number: 39595-023, 39595-033
Project Name: Mong Duong 1 Thermal Power Project
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Lesson
More attention is needed to the selection of a more specialized set of objectives and components in the design of water supply and sanitation sector projects.

Project Number: 40364-013
Project Name: Central Region Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
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