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Lesson
The One ADB approach to project implementation is an exemplary cooperation modality in ADB. The Central and West Asia Department initiated the TA activities covering all ADB DMCs in the subregion and were strongly supported by the Regional Cooperation and Integration and Trade Division of then Climate Change and Sustainable Development Department and the regional cooperation and integration units of South Asia and Southeast Asia departments in providing inputs, mobilizing DMC participants, and generating financial support.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer implementation is required for complex TA projects. The TA was designed to support the development of a new economic corridor development (ECD) framework and operational guidelines that apply to the Central and West Asian countries and beyond. Taking lessons from other long-term ECD-related TAs, the TA could have been designed for a longer time frame from the start, with a more realistic timeline for completion, given the complexity of the ECD and the COVID-19- related constraints. A regular TA, instead of a small-scale TA, could have been a better option.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
Report Date:
Lesson
Close collaboration among ADB’s regional departments that support subregional programs and broad participation these subregional programs and their member countries, (i.e. the Central Asia Regional Economic Corridor, the Greater Mekong Subregion program, and the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation program), and development partners are critical in successfully implementing ECD-focused TA. These have helped improve the content and focus of the ECD guidance note produced by the TA.helped improve the ECD guidance note.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
Report Date:
Lesson
Early engagement with DMCs in knowledge-sharing activities is advisable for TA with comprehensive and complex topics. For this TA, it could have facilitated in-depth discussion and debate among DMCs and development partners on the new concept of ECD, lessons learned from ECD initiatives, and ECD pipeline development.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs/IAs and supreme audit institutions (SAIs) have expressed a substantial demand for capacity development initiatives focused on financial reporting and auditing practices. Increased and more frequent collaborative engagement with SAIs and private auditing firms would facilitate the prioritization of limited TA resources, allowing them to be strategically allocated to address the most critical capacity gaps. EAs/IAs staff training need to continuously focus on timely financial reporting and audit and comprehensive coverage of all project expenditures until financial closing.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term sustainability is critical for quality assurance programs to have a lasting and meaningful impact. This needs to be considered in the design of future similar TA, learning from this TA's experience. The TA's limited implementation period contrasts with private auditor quality assurance programsm which are regular, continuous, and long-term and require methodological and financial support to sustain momentum and achieve meaningful results.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
For a TA to enhance governance and financial management, close engagement with the DMCs’ institutions is critical for timely realizing the outputs and results.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Professional accounting organizations are reliable partners in initiatives to enhance the financial management capacity of DMCs. This TA benefited from an extensive network of partners from the DMCs and various Professional Accounting Organizations. This collaboration facilitated the gathering of substantive inputs localizing best international practices in auditor quality assurance programs, thereby improving the quality of the TA deliverables.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Broad stakeholder engagement, though time-consuming, is crucial. It enhances the quality and sustainability of outcomes by incorporating diverse insights and ensuring comprehensive solutions. This approach builds stakeholder buy-in, leverages additional resources, and fosters strong relationships, facilitating smoother project execution and promoting future cooperation, ultimately investing in time as a worthwhile endeavor for long-term success.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional measures are necessary for the government securities market to stimulate demand from both retail and institutional investors. The program had several supply-based reforms, particularly around the primary dealer system and government bonds; however, turnover velocity was below the target, particularly for the secondary market relating to government securities. This would suggest that additional demand-based measures are as of December 2023 required for the government securities market to stimulate demand from both retail and institutional investors.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Fiscal reform, pensions, and capital markets reforms are inextricably linked, because of the role each plays in economic development. Subprogram 2 supported the development and approval of the Capital Market Development Strategy, 2022–2028 by government decree, which includes a commitment to develop a green bond framework. This provides a strong basis from which to develop a broader integrated program to support not just fiscal resilience but also further capital market reforms in conjunction with the Finance Sector Office.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Well planned and logically sequenced policy actions are crucial to maximizing impact of reform programs and ensuring the sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
It might be useful to develop a climate finance strategy for the state-owned enterprises(SOE) sector, building on the experience and lessons from this program's. Assessment of the fiscal risks associated with climate change was incorporated into subprogram 2. This highlights the significant role SOEs can play in addressing climate change impacts and supporting the countries climate obligations. Given this, it might be useful to establish a climate finance strategy for the SOE sector, building on the experience and lessons from this program.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is imperative for SOEs to develop good corporate governance and maintain an arm's length relationship with government, regardless of whether it is a commercial or noncommercial SOE. Some of the policy actions under this program were designed to improve the government's performance of its SOE ownership function. However, in addition to these policy actions, it is imperative for SOEs to proactively promote good corporate governance and develop functional autonomy from the government.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a firm sector investment plan supports successful project implementation. The sector plan, covering the short-, medium- and long-term horizons, helps avoid overlaps of projects that may result in scope changes which could adversely affect the project implementation timeline, funding and cost, and loan utilization. Such an investment plan commits the government to a definite set of projects in the sector that allows for a stable implementation of social and environmental safeguards.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date: