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CSV
Lesson
There is a need for a better computation of costs at appraisal along with the inclusion of realistic contingencies, especially in areas with high security risks. Accurate cost estimates, particularly at appraisal, help minimize adjustments and revisions during implementation. ADB needs to undertake better duediligence of the project cost estimates at appraisal and a more realistic assessment of existing public procurement regulations. The possible inclusion of add-on security risk costs helps minimize cost overruns and poor project results.

Project Number: 42094-032
Project Name: Energy Sector Development Investment Program—Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
A better understanding of the institutional capacity and security risks in fragile and conflict-affected countries is essential to ensure project preparedness. Major changes in scope and implementation delays, including possible cancellations, are expected. Project processing can take more time as a result of unanticipated security concerns in post-conflict situations, frequent changes of government counterparts, and a lack of response from executing agencies. Building capacities and strengthening institutions is essential.

Project Number: 42094-032
Project Name: Energy Sector Development Investment Program—Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Where there is a risk of incurring losses as in the case of the project, it is essential to define sustainable sources of funding to cover those losses when designing projects, to ensure project economic viability and long-term sustainability

Project Number: 42533-022
Project Name: Hairatan to Mazar-e-Sharif Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
O&M costs should reflect actual conditions

Project Number: 42533-022
Project Name: Hairatan to Mazar-e-Sharif Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Growth rates in traffic forecasts in conflict affected areas should be conservative when preparing project designs

Project Number: 42533-022
Project Name: Hairatan to Mazar-e-Sharif Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The approach should be supported by an agreed road map, matched closely with available institutional capacities, with enough flexibility for continuing review and corrective actions, and supported by required technical assistance, until such time that the country exhibits maturity of institutions, strong internal capacity, and political and economic stability.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Regarding program design in small, transition economies, it may be more prudent to take a gradual approach to private sector and financial market development, taking smaller slices of the development pie (financed with single-tranche loans) within a short time horizon.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s similar institutional reform programs in Afghanistan should include a specific and realistic strategy for capacity development, taking into account the following: (i) without absorptive capacity in ministries, very little technical skills transfer will occur; (ii) sustained recourse to resident international advisors may perpetuate the dependency of decision makers on such advisors; and (iii) in the absence of specific terms of reference for international advisors, their contributions will tend to crowd out inputs provided by the learning process of local staff

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In conflict-affected economies, it may be more appropriate to focus reforms on (i) rebuilding capacity, (ii) institutionalizing the process of conducting sustainable reforms based on transparency and participation, and (iii) propagating good public governance principles that are likely to be more enduring.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Special measures need to be taken with respect to timing, cost estimations, and availability of contractors in a difficult conflict environment. Lessons learned from the resettlement component needed to be included.

Project Number: 37136-012, 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project (Phase 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained recourse to resident international advisors may perpetuate the dependency of decision makers on such advisors; and

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In the absence of specific terms of reference for international advisors for on-the-job training, or if those are not strictly focused on the most technically challenging tasks, the availability of these experts to provide general support within the ministries will tend to crowd-out the inputs provided by, and the learning process of the local staff. Thus, experts should be given specific terms of reference that (a) require the provision of on-the-job training to local counterparts, and (b) limit their overall involvement to the most technically challenging tasks.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Without absorptive capacity in ministries, very little technical skills transfer will occur;

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In the absence of absorptive capacity in ministries, little technical skills transfer will occur. However, the level of fiscal resources needed to sustain hiring of more qualified staff to the civil service (to increase that absorptive capacity) is also affected by current development partner financing of externally-funded national staff (the so-called ?second civil service?), which is now hired on inflated terms. Coordination between these two dimensions is a priority if core government capacity is to be developed.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
CSV