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Lesson
Performance monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Gender action plan (GAP) need to be understood as mandatory activities to ensure they are completely undertaken. Implementation of the GAP was not successful in achieving all planned activities and targets. While 4 of the 5 activities were implemented, only 2 of the 10 targets were achieved. Ongoing monitoring could have improved the actions undertaken and attainment of targets. As women have a core role as clients, users, employees, and beneficiaries of water supply systems, GAP implementation should be strictly monitored.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project partnership agreements with government on human resources and funding are critical to effective implementation and sustainability. While initially the project national project implementation unit had issues on staffing, procurement, and implementation, these were resolved with incremental additional staffing, recruitment of a small core team of individual consultants, and restructuring to a subproject management unit. The non-recruitment of a social development specialist; to be funded by the government, affected the Gender action plan monitoring and planned survey update.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More thoughtful planning and sustained monitoring are required when implementing new pilot approaches. Successful implementation of new approaches such as public-private partnerships, which involve government policy changes and reforms, would require realistic timelines, ongoing monitoring of political commitment, and adoption of risk management strategies that are responsive to change.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordination and use of phased approach to key project activities will maximize project benefits. This would involve identifying opportunities at project design phase for integrating or combining under one contract interlinked activities, such as water system infrastructure investment and the planned O&M, to reduce risk of slippage and implementation delays.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient funding must be ensured to cover all investment needs for rehabilitation and expansion of water supply infrastructure. This requires rigorous assessment of technical and institutional capacity (including for operation and maintenance or O&M) of the implementing agency and economic aspects (including life cycle costing) to determine whether to invest in a total new system at higher initial capital cost or to utilize parts of existing infrastructure to enable lower capital cost but likely higher levels of O&M costs.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical for a Gender equity theme project to have a Gender specialist on board to monitor and ensure the attainment of all Gender action plan (GAP) targets. GAP monitoring was the responsibility of the project implementation unit, with support from social development specialists hired by the project implementation consultant. The project implementation consultancy ended in April 2015; after which the government was to fund the engagement of a social development specialist. The position was not filled due to lack of funds, resulting in reduced GAP monitoring and assessment.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to adjust project expectations based on context when preparing a district water supply project. This requires a thorough sector assessment of government institutional capacity and ability to implement policy reforms at national and local district levels with sufficient counterpart staff and budget, a risk-based analysis of local fragility and resilience factors, and a phased incremental approach outlined for critical actions.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating capacity development (whenever and wherever needed) as an integral part of project design results in a more holistic development approach. At the beginning of the project, the MEW was institutionally weak, and the Hari Rud RBA did not exist. The project spent $7.5 million in loan and grants funds for capacity development.

Project Number: 36252-013
Project Name: Western Basins Water Resources Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When designing a project even in a difficult and tenuous political situation, it may be best to be strongly proactive rather than tentative and conservative. In an area that is just recovering from a long civil war, with a practically nonfunctioning implementing agency and a weak government capacity, the ADB preparation team designed a project with a whole gamut of proactive measures to bring about improved water resources management using basin-wide IWRM principles.

Project Number: 36252-013
Project Name: Western Basins Water Resources Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate scoping of DNA is a critical element in planning a rehabilitation project. This could be enhanced through collaborative engagement of all key stakeholders during the conduct of reconnaissance and rapid assessment. For example, appropriate technical guidance in the preparation and conduct of DNA, taking into account the managerial and operational skills and institutional capacities of the concerned agencies, could promote a more streamlined implementation of project activities.

Project Number: 48326-001
Project Name: Northern Flood-Damaged Infrastructure Emergency Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Utilizing executing and implementing agencies with prior experience of ADB-assisted projects, helps strengthen the support for an emergency assistance project. Their experience with the established procedures could facilitate preparatory activities for an emergency assistance. For instance, competent technical staff from these agencies could be readily mobilized and rapidly deployed during the conduct of disaster project reconnaissance and preparation missions.

Project Number: 48326-001
Project Name: Northern Flood-Damaged Infrastructure Emergency Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing a degree of flexibility in the scope and output targets during the preparation of emergency assistance projects could help in the attainment of project results. Often, greater emphasis is made to facilitate project formulation and get activities going on the ground as expeditiously as possible, usually within three months from the occurrence of a disaster. Under such circumstances, however, it is difficult to be precise as to what actually needs to be done.

Project Number: 48326-001
Project Name: Northern Flood-Damaged Infrastructure Emergency Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Proactive approaches to improve procurement readiness, combined with timely effectiveness, will reduce the risk of implementation delays.

Project Number: 36252-013
Project Name: Western Basins Water Resources Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB internal financial management needs to be improved to ensure that audit opinions are provided covering both financial statements and the use of grant and loan proceeds.

Project Number: 36252-013
Project Name: Western Basins Water Resources Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important that ADB commit to a long-term engagement in Afghanistan’s water sector to achieve critical performance and reform milestones.

Project Number: 36252-013
Project Name: Western Basins Water Resources Management Project
Report Date: