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Lesson
The ownership by the government of the reform process and the leadership the government shows are absolutely critical in a postconflict scenario. This was demonstrated in the case of the leadership shown by the finance minister, which was not always matched in PMPL sectors. Given the multisectoral nature of the program and the utilization of the proceeds in various reconstruction and development projects, strong oversight mechanisms needed to be in place at the outset to ensure optimal use of and reporting on funds.

Project Number: 36231-013
Project Name: Postconflict Multisector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Senior provincial and district government officials and elders expressed gratitude to ADB for its timing and confidence in the implementation of the project. They hope that this will open the regions for future investments and improve governance in the regions.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
Modifications to project design, the monitoring framework, and the assessment methodology would help future projects using this or a similar PRG modality and projects that combine sovereign, nonsovereign and cofinancing operations. The assessment criteria did not easily accommodate the unique structure of the project or the modality used.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination of the multiple development partners was important to ensure that works and programs were complementary, with no overlap or gaps in support. The project was able to incorporate separate but complementary programs from bilateral development partners, which helped the overall implementation and impact of the project.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
The capacity of Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (AISA) to promote new investment in Afghanistan and the availability of PRG cover to support such investment was poor because of staff turnover and an inadequate incentive framework. This should have been anticipated and technical assistance could have looked at ways to address this problem.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The main lesson learned through implementation of the project was that working with and supporting existing government structures helps develop the capacity of the executing agency to implement externally funded projects, especially in procurement and contract management. It also ensures better ownership of the various works and continued sustainability. Most other development activities are implemented off-budget in Afghanistan.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
Responsibility for the project was spread out within ADB, causing coordination issues with MIGA and other cofinanciers. For future projects combining sovereign, nonsovereign, and cofinancing operations, having a single focal point within ADB would improve project implementation and prospects for success.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close collaboration with Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), International Development Association (IDA), and Department for International Development (DFID) strengthened project design. It allowed for excellent exchange of experience with regard to PRGs, other insurance products, and how they can best be used to fill market gaps, especially in post-conflict countries.

Project Number: 38598-013
Project Name: Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultant quality at entrance is critical, as top international consultants and contractors are less interested in projects in Afghanistan. Emphasis during selection should be on quality and past performance record of consultants, as this can easily result in both cost and time savings, given the prevalence of price escalation, time extensions, and cost overruns for projects in Afghanistan.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design-build contract adopted for this project is not a turnkey type of contract in which prospective bidders will need to conduct significant site reconnaissance in order to prepare competitive bids, but a measurement contract based on financial unit rates with design carried out by the contractor as the road is constructed. This type of contract was intended to overcome local design capacity constraints and expedite commencement of works.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to conduct a sound capacity assessment of Ministry of Public Works (MPW) and adequate analysis of the local political context in the early stages of the project. Driven by the project's emergency nature, overemphasis on time savings during project preparation unfortunately resulted in delays coupled with cost overruns and implementation problems at a later stage. It is also highly desirable that emergency projects implemented in complex environments receive more frequent and comprehensive monitoring and supervision.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More effort should be made to gain compliance by the borrower and MPW with loan covenants, which helps strengthen the government's project ownership. Although difficult postwar conditions exist, ADB should use appropriate means including suspension of disbursements and cancellation of the loan if necessary and in the best interest of the project.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Afghanistan is a country with a long history of war, in which the usual rules do not work well in achieving development impacts. Appropriate adjustments, such as allowing procurement of bitumen from nonmember countries of ADB, proved to be beneficial for maximizing the project's development impact and economic efficiency.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid turnover of the MPW staff, frequent changes in project officers and mission leaders, and the transfer of project administration from one ADB department to another were counterproductive.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The adequacy of security arrangements at project sites in Afghanistan determines the pace at which projects can be implemented. Ultimately, protecting construction crews and facilities and equipment storage areas will be feasible only if an effective grassroots outreach program is mounted to win the support and goodwill of communities who live near construction sites and secure the collaboration of local government officials and village leaders.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date: