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Lesson
The program should have had a much narrower sectoral focus and clearer criteria on the types and size of projects to be considered.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Reforms should be prioritized by considering institutional readiness at all levels. If reforms include multiple sectors, it may be necessary to focus on sectors in which the probability of reforms being achieved is relatively high.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Future support to developing public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Indonesia would benefit from a clearer identification of the obligations, incentives, and cost-sharing arrangements among government agencies. A more thorough political economy analysis will identify constraints.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF for the Infrastructure Project Development Facility (IPDF) was not adequate to assess IPDF’s performance as an institution, with targets that were limited to the number of PPP projects. It should have included measures on the level of private sector investment in infrastructure in general, and specifically on PPP projects, together with some regional comparisons.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important that ADB and development partners, in general, understand not only the formal but also informal institutional settings, particularly how government officials at different levels interact. A more thorough political economy analysis will identify constraints.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The policy matrix should have been streamlined to focus on the achievements of substantive key actions.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 46093-001, 46093-004
Project Name: Inclusive Growth through Improved Connectivity Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Coastal communities relying on coral reefs need comprehensive ecosystem management. Conservation and management are both focused on improving coastal livelihoods. Comprehensive ecosystem management is essential for communities’ ongoing engagement in conservation activities. Given the importance of mangroves, more stress should be placed on mangrove conservation nationwide. Strong legislation should be developed to ban the conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming and prohibit illegal and destructive fishing.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Government buy-in and long-term commitment to conservation is needed. Based on the experiences and achievements of COREMAP, it is essential that every level of government—national, provincial, and district—strongly commits to implementing marine conservation programs and activities. Under Law No. 23, strong capacity to address illegal fishing is required at the provincial level. To make this happen, provinces need to work closely with districts to develop and internalize the capacity to manage costal resources.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Preparation of sound project feasibility studies is required. With the support of the government and ADB, future conservation programs and projects will need to develop improved implementation systems and provide more practical support for beneficiaries. As mentioned, fishers’ behavioural practices need to be taken into consideration in project design and support for group livelihood activities. Furthermore, technical support for livelihood activities is usually required for a minimum of 2 years.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Project assets should have been handed over to fishing communities in project districts. Another impact of discontinuity under the project was poor asset management of social infrastructure. The MMAF did not hand over the constructed assets to the district or village at project completion. It is necessary that all infrastructure built under a project is handed over formally to appropriate institutions before the project ends.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of human resources should be ensured. During COREMAP II implementation, NGOs were engaged for 16 months and facilitated to set up community groups in villages, e.g., MCS groups, coral reef management bodies, and women’s groups. Several months after the NGOs left, district governments (Bintan, Natuna) assigned extension workers, but the NGOs’ engagement period was too short to ensure that the community groups were adequately operational and functional. In most villages, NGO staff were not absorbed into extension worker positions.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-conceived and structured TA associated with the program addressed the obstacles presented by system inefficiencies and limited capacity. Survey data and other forms of monitoring can be subject to local manipulation by incumbents and unintended beneficiaries. A related problem is rent-seeking in local agencies and the government can similarly distort monitored data, and misdirect public transfer payments and other benefits.

Project Number: 40003-013
Project Name: Poverty Reduction and Millennium Development Goals Acceleration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The complication arose from the government’s decision, during SP2, to inject the other half of the anticipated policy output units into the subprogram, by extending it by another 5 months. This put considerable work and budget pressure on the project team. And that may have been a factor in the inability to fully achieve several output actions in time for this report.

Project Number: 40003-013
Project Name: Poverty Reduction and Millennium Development Goals Acceleration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The interim restructuring of the program, at the request of the government, lowered the total program cost to the government. It also put greater emphasis on the program’s design features than on embedding the program deeper within public institutions. This may have been fiscally expedient but will have long-term costs that are hard to measure now. The government may have employed the program’s national consultants after it decided to fund SP2 and SP3, but ADB is unlikely to receive information on the results.

Project Number: 40003-013
Project Name: Poverty Reduction and Millennium Development Goals Acceleration Program
Report Date: