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Lesson
Indonesia needs better interoperability among the tiers of its government. In relation to public health, the effectiveness of the government’s initial response to the pandemic was limited by conflicting approaches. The lack of coordination within government; as evidenced particularly by conflicting public messages around social distancing especially in the early stages of the pandemic. These coordination issues were more apparent in the vertical relations between tiers of government than at inter-ministerial levels.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to target monitoring at end-state outcomes. Due to the lockdowns and mobility restrictions; early difficulty in the speed of PEN disbursements was unavoidable. Although the government recognized the need for urgent rollout; poor infrastructure raised the risk of leakage through corruption and led to a slower and more cautious approach than would otherwise have been optimal. A lesson to be drawn from the experience involves the need to target monitoring activities at end-state outcomes.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to digitalize government services in times of crisis. This effort is best pursued through collaboration with the private sector in Indonesia. The collaboration can strengthen the country's defense against future outbreaks and improve the targeting of social assistance. Digitalization including ithe financial sector should remain a focal point of ADB’s policy dialogue with Indonesia.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The urgency of the lending produced outcomes that, while unavoidable, are nevertheless instructive. For example, target setting was difficult because the contours of the pandemic were fluid. Liaising with the government was also challenging. The timeline for initial response was tight, and ADB worked with a small number of government teams in the interest of speed. This concentrated approach to planning was complicated by the pandemic affecting government officials’ health and well-being personally.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program reinforced the need for flexible targeting in pandemic situations. The Indonesian government was quick to recognize the tension between sustaining economic activity and minimizing the spread of disease through physical distancing and quarantine. At times; the National Recovery Program (PEN) was modified to strike a better balance. For example; the government increased its support for ultra-microenterprises midway through the program; pivoting its assistance program to more than 1 million street vendors who were economically displaced by restrictions on mobility.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Difficulties with data accentuated problems that included health targets, such as the vaccine rollout. Although testing rates had reached World Health Organization targets by August 2021, it was not clear that the national average testing rate applied uniformly at the provincial level.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The crisis amplified the adverse, preexisting, and self-reinforcing relationship between public health and economic outcomes. This relationship should remain at the forefront of ADB’s engagement with Indonesia. COVID-19 takes a higher toll on individuals who suffer from stunting—a disease that is prevalent in Indonesia and closely associated with poverty.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms, coupled with institutional measures to address system inefficiencies and capacity constraints, enhance the effectiveness of human development interventions.

Project Number: 40003-013
Project Name: Poverty Reduction and Millenium Development Goals Acceleration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Accurate baseline data and consistently measurable indicators enable a reliable assessment of end−of−project accomplishments.

Project Number: 40003-013
Project Name: Poverty Reduction and Millenium Development Goals Acceleration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A project that requires behavioral change within communities needs a long-term agenda. Measuring the impact of such a project will take time. A project may be deemed successful on the basis of short-term outcomes, but it may not endure, particularly if there were deficiencies during project implementation. Thus, setting impact performance indicators to be achieved by 2012 (the year of project closing) might have been too short-term.

Project Number: 38117-013
Project Name: Nutrition Improvement through Community Empowerment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity development requires continuous investment. Human resource development is key to providing improved health services. A large number of health staff, including medical doctors and midwives, received scholarships to build capacity in obstetrics and neonatal care. However, local governments' fiscal capacity to finance capacity development was limited or nonexistent. Significant investments, both in terms of capacity building and health infrastructure, will be required to meet the maternal mortality MDG target by 2015.

Project Number: 34149-013
Project Name: Second Decentralized Health Services
Report Date:
Lesson
Project scope and coverage should be feasible. To increase impact, project resources should not be spread over a large geographic area. A large number of intended outputs most likely will slow down project implementation. Investment priorities based on health needs and poverty incidence may contribute to increased effectiveness.

Project Number: 34149-013
Project Name: Second Decentralized Health Services
Report Date:
Lesson
The project yielded the following insights for similar, future community-driven development projects: (i) Inclusive involvement of community members in decision making and implementation of infrastructure projects is needed to ensure ownership and transparency. (ii) Community facilitators and consultants must be well selected so that only qualified and committed personnel are deployed to support communities in the empowerment process and on technical matters.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date: