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Lesson
The government needs to do more to provide leaderahip and guidance to infrastructure projects in Kiribati. The Project Steering Commitee, renamed in 2016 as the National Infrastructure Development Steering Committee, was set up to guide several other infrastructure projects aside from this one. Therefore, it can provide only limited support to the ADB project. Achieving the intended impacts of a major project such as ADB's requires regular and proactive direction from senior government representatives through all phases of the project.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To maximize impacts, community engagement components along with sufficient budget and post-project continuity plans need to be embedded in the design of projects that entail behavioral change. This project's community engagement component was designed and implemented as a broad-based outreach program to encourage behavioral change in personal waste disposal and hygiene, especially handwashing with soap, across all communities in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Collection of both quantitative and qualitative data on gender impacts need to be incorporated in the design of future community engagement initiatives. Such data should provide indications on how and to what degree the initiative reduces women's time poverty, improves their well-being, and boosts their ability to engage in productive activities.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The imposition of sewerage tariffs needs to be carefully thought out and based on a thorough study, as these could discourage low-income households from connecting to new sanitation services. Sewerage tariffs were proposed based on the “user pays” principle as one of two means to increase resources for the operation and maintenance of project facilities. However, sanitation services are overall viewed as a public good not suited to the "user pays" principle. Moreover, given the dire pre- project sanitation situation in South Tarawa, the principle may not work.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate staffing levels and frequent staff turnovers make training efforts less effective and sustainable. Under their existing structures, all the key project agencies faced challenges due to the perennial shortage of key personnel, made worse by high staff turnover. Therefore, it has been essential for ADB to continually review staff skills and capabilities and corporate structures, and implement measures to fill capacity gaps.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to continuing technical assistance (TA), it is important that professional advisors work closely with the government of Kiribati to try and ensure reform momentum.

Project Number: 47322-001, 47322-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Reform Program: Subprograms 1 and 2 Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
A stand-alone policy-based grant would have been preferable for this project rather than a programmatic approach.

Project Number: 47322-001, 47322-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Reform Program: Subprograms 1 and 2 Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
First-time executing and implementing agencies need handholding on ADB processes and requirements.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring quality higher education requires more than just improving school infrastructure and physical environments.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate time has to be allotted to monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Unreliable cost estimates can significantly hamper the smooth and timely completion of projects.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexibility in project schedule to address unforeseen delays is critical to the successful completion of projects.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Cost estimates have be based on sound engineering designs and a thorough assessment of the existing site conditions.

Project Number: 44281-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners should not overburden government capacity when programming and should be ready to adjust, if necessary.

Project Number: 44281-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation Project
Report Date: