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Lesson
The imposition of sewerage tariffs needs to be carefully thought out and based on a thorough study, as these could discourage low-income households from connecting to new sanitation services. Sewerage tariffs were proposed based on the “user pays” principle as one of two means to increase resources for the operation and maintenance of project facilities. However, sanitation services are overall viewed as a public good not suited to the "user pays" principle. Moreover, given the dire pre- project sanitation situation in South Tarawa, the principle may not work.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate staffing levels and frequent staff turnovers make training efforts less effective and sustainable. Under their existing structures, all the key project agencies faced challenges due to the perennial shortage of key personnel, made worse by high staff turnover. Therefore, it has been essential for ADB to continually review staff skills and capabilities and corporate structures, and implement measures to fill capacity gaps.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government needs to do more to provide leaderahip and guidance to infrastructure projects in Kiribati. The Project Steering Commitee, renamed in 2016 as the National Infrastructure Development Steering Committee, was set up to guide several other infrastructure projects aside from this one. Therefore, it can provide only limited support to the ADB project. Achieving the intended impacts of a major project such as ADB's requires regular and proactive direction from senior government representatives through all phases of the project.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To maximize impacts, community engagement components along with sufficient budget and post-project continuity plans need to be embedded in the design of projects that entail behavioral change. This project's community engagement component was designed and implemented as a broad-based outreach program to encourage behavioral change in personal waste disposal and hygiene, especially handwashing with soap, across all communities in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Collection of both quantitative and qualitative data on gender impacts need to be incorporated in the design of future community engagement initiatives. Such data should provide indications on how and to what degree the initiative reduces women's time poverty, improves their well-being, and boosts their ability to engage in productive activities.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to continuing technical assistance (TA), it is important that professional advisors work closely with the government of Kiribati to try and ensure reform momentum.

Project Number: 47322-001, 47322-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Reform Program: Subprograms 1 and 2 Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
A stand-alone policy-based grant would have been preferable for this project rather than a programmatic approach.

Project Number: 47322-001, 47322-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Reform Program: Subprograms 1 and 2 Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Significant changes to the PRIF CO staff (3 to 6 full time staff with 14 different consultants hired under 21 individual contracts) led to challenges in the delivery of services. An operational review conducted in 2018 proposed new operational structures to address “the need for longer-term funding certainty and broader funding base” and “the desire to provide greater stability in PRIF CO management and PRIF CO core team.” Majority of the individual consultants engaged for the TA performed satisfactorily.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation of PMC-approved activities led to the production of 78 technical reports and publications. This was executed through the recruitment of 146 consultant contracts including 6 consulting firms, 132 individual consultants and 8 resource persons.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date:
Lesson
A subsequent phase with an approved budget of $9.09 million was approved on 3 October 2019. An increase in TA amount and minor change in scope memo is being processed by the user unit to include a $2 million contribution from the United States. This will be the first contribution from the United States.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date:
Lesson
The TA design and monitoring framework was well devised with sufficient flexibility to respond to the countries’ demands and to the PRIF partners’ demands as the TA progressed—a key feature of the PRIF’s coordination arrangements.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date:
Lesson
Fluctuations in committed and in effective financial contributions from the PRIF partners led to some uncertainties in allocating resources and in budgeting assistance programs. It was not possible to process the European Investment Bank planned cofinancing commitment of $1.1 million equivalent due to legal issues preventing the ability to conclude a cofinancing mechanism and agreement with ADB. During the TA period, ADB built on the constructive working relationship with the Governments of Australia and New Zealand.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date:
Lesson
PRIF partner and stakeholder involvement and participation in PRIF activities, including attendance at SWG coordination meetings or support to the 51 subprojects’ implementation committees. Among the key challenges met was the wide range of assistance expectations from the PRIF partners and the stakeholders and the reconciliation of those expectations with the available PRIF CO resources. This was achieved through the dynamic “management committee/SWG” driven work prioritization mechanism.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date:
Lesson
A total of 24 knowledge products were developed during this TA. Examples of successful and effective hand-over projects include the Pacific utilities benchmarking performance work of PRIF to the Pacific Water and Wastewater Association (PWWA) and to the Pacific Power Association (PPA). The 2016 PWWA benchmarking report was released during the Pacific Water conference and Expo in Tonga, August 2016. The report was based on the indicators developed during 2013 PWWA benchmarking exercise supported by PRIF.

Project Number: 46500-001
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility Coordination Office
Report Date: