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Lesson
Capacity building in TVET needs to go hand-in-hand with industry progress as employment of TVET students is directly influenced by industry trends and capacity. Complementary elements, such as the purchase of equipment and training of instructors on the equipment, should be arranged more successively to allow the implementation of subsequent phases to proceed more seamlessly. Greater focus is needed in engaging the private sector to better understand the trends in hiring and updating of curricula and learning materials.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Short-term training courses have many advantages that make them more preferable than longer bachelor- and masters-level courses. The project colleges' management, teachers, and trainers expressed their preference for short-term training courses over the longer bachelor- and masters-level courses the project provided. This reflects their desire to receive specific subject training that can be achieved in more focused and shorter courses.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate documentation, including irretrievability and non-updating of project documents, reduces the level of scrutiny possible during project completion review and subsequent evaluations. Discrepancies in project assessments and progress reports, which tend to obscure actual results, make it difficult to establish project performance across the results chain. Non-availability in English of important documents, such as tracer studies, impedes the depth and comprehensiveness of project completion reviews and other evaluations.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Participatory approaches and stakeholder consultationsresult in widely accepted programs with a high potential for success. The design of the stipend program in this initiative followed extensive consultations and technical workshops with technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions, as well as development partners active in TVET. As a result of this participatory and collaborative approach, the stipend rate and disbursement mechanisms were widely accepted.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The economic downturn triggered by COVID-19 pandemic presented an unmet opportunity for the project . Additional stipend funds could have enabled the enrollment of unemployed youth in TVET institutions. This would have transformed a period of low economic activity into a skills development opportunity. A recommended strategy is for the borrowing government to earmark funds in an escrow account, ensuring continued disbursement to beneficiaries after project closure by ADB.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stakeholder involvement in project design and advance preparation of the consultant terms of reference and procurement packages strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency potential of projects. Close involvement by the executing agency and project colleges allowed for an in-depth discussion of outcome and output indicators, as well as of the cost estimates reflecting the local context and implementation capacity of the executing agency and project colleges.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly prescriptive approaches limit the scope for adaptive management of livelihood restoration programs for project-affected people. Clear recognition of the many risks associated with implementing a complex project in partnership with a relatively inexperienced and limited-capacity government led to a concerted effort to “get everything right,” as it were, before the project even started. That is reflected in the negotiation of a comprehensive and highly detailed concession agreement, a 1,362-page legal document.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to avoid overly ambitious objectives in project design. The enhancement of biodiversity conservation in NNT-NPA was an overly ambitious objective. The area to be protected involved the entire watershed and an area downstream. Its size challenged the capability and capacity of a number of agencies to plan, implement, and sustain conservation requirements.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A large, complex development project requires a commensurate and substantive long-term commitment. The exceptionally long preparation and implementation periods (2003–2019) were essential to provide sufficient time for analysis, appraisal, and supervision of a complex project and ensure an eventually successful outcome in a high-risk context.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Quality project sponsors are essential for success, but their limitations and country capacity constraints also need to be considered. The selection of a well-qualified developer as the primary equity holder in the NTPC consortium appears to have played a major role in the efficient construction and operation of the dam and power facilities with very modest cost and time overruns.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is essential to carefully study and consider less socially and environmentally disruptive options in investment decision making in hydropower. Possible alternatives in future cases, for example, could include river offtake, run of the river, small decentralized hydro systems, and backup from solar and wind power. The choice should be made through a participatory assessment that gives the same weight to social and environmental dimensions as to technical and economic aspects.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
IFI collaboration can yield a major developmental contribution with a high-risk project in a limited-capacity country. The close and effective collaboration of ADB, the World Bank, and other IFIs from an early stage provided the necessary confidence for the private sector to undertake a pioneering, complex, and large-scale project in a limited-capacity country. Although the total IFI loans and guarantees were modest in scale, the independent evaluation team established that they had been a necessary requirement for the international dollar financiers to extend loans to NTPC.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Biodiversity conservation in the context of hydropower projects requires an approach whereby “conservation forest” is balanced with “production forest” as a source of income for affected people. To date, ADB, the World Bank, and international organizations consider many of the village forest activities as failures (e.g., trees are being cut down to the roots) with government advisors having little understanding of forestry practices in relation to biodiversity conservation and sustainable practice.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Occupational health and safety risks can be minimized even in complex construction situations.

Project Number: 37734-013
Project Name: GMS Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Addressing the biodiversity impacts of hydroelectric/hydropower projects requires technical expertise and the services of specialized institutions

Project Number: 37734-013
Project Name: GMS Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date: