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Lesson
A simplified monitoring and evaluation system, with direct reporting to the executing agency, would have led to better assessment of the project’s performance. The ability to evaluate project performance and benefits was seriously compromised when the collection of performance data was discontinued even though collection was required under the loan agreement. The PPMS for the project was complex and was maintained only for the duration of each loan’s implementation period.

Project Number: 40296-013, 45299-001
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement is needed to foster private sector participation in water supply provision. Along with other development partners, ADB has contributed significantly to the development of an enabling environment for private sector engagement in the provision of WSS services in Armenia. This would not have been possible without ADB’s long-term engagement in the sector through this project and other interventions. ADB support to draft the PPP law (approved in June 2019) and continuing support on regulations will further enhance the enabling environment.

Project Number: 40296-013, 45299-001
Project Name: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Also, ensuring that approval is sought for changes in the indicators in the course of TA implementation is a good practice.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Extension of the TA for one year due to foreseeable events would not have been necessary had the TA been designed more appropriately.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
On the output indicator, understanding of the underlying environment, including quality of data, through pre-investigative works could have ensured better design of TA outputs.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, ensuring that adequate resources are allocated to finance important associated costs (e.g., hiring of dedicated staff to monitor use of proceeds and to ensure compliance with post-issuance reporting requirements) could help facilitate sustained increase in green bonds issuance.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, understanding the additional costs (beyond external review fees) would help in identifying the reasons why there was no second-round issuance (which affects reputation if green status is lost) even though issuers have already invested heavily to establish proper internal system to monitor use of proceeds and provide post-issuance reporting.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The outcome indicator should have been formulated more clearly and the outputs/activities planned to better ensure that it could deliver the targeted outcome.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The way the lesson was formulated in the TCR could be improved (it is stated more like an issue rather than lesson learned). But lessons can be inferred that addressing reputational risk and additional costs for meeting green bonds requirements, ensuring a certain level of market maturity, and establishing clear regulations by market regulators are necessary conditions to the successful attainment of the TA objectives.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The way the lesson was formulated in the TCR could be improved (it is stated more like an issue rather than lesson learned). But a lesson could be inferred that ensuring individual DMC commitment upfront and awareness measures could seamlessly facilitate progress towards the attainment of the objective of the TA.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have elaborated on the need for consultants to ably navigate (or be supported to navigate) the consultant management system to ensure timely closure of TA accounts.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have TCR could have provided further details about the national agenda/initiatives from India, Indonesia, and the PRC (Green Finance Initiative) brought about by the experience in developing this regional AMF. Based on the wrap-up workshop brief, staff from the East Asia Deparment, Central and West Asia Department, Office of the Special Project Facilitator, South Asia Department, and Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, were present. Such details and other lessons from the Manila wrap-up workshop could have been mentioned in the TCR as well.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have further discussed the benefits or disadvantages of having government agencies as local partners, such as the Policy Research Bureau of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, facilitate workshop organization and implementation.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The water sector in Kazakhstan and in the region was not in the ADB portfolio for more than a decade which created a knowledge vacuum about the sector’s complexity. The TA’s outputs were heavily dependent on the government’s decision to create a new water entity. The previous government which was involved in TA’s concept paper seemed to agree that this would be made available, however, due to the lack of commitment from the new government agencies, the TA experienced difficulties during its implementation.

Project Number: 51364-001
Project Name: Establishment of Kazakstan Knowledge Center on Integrated Water Resources Management
Report Date:
Lesson
In cooperation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), a Water Partnership Working Group was established, with participation of development partners (DPs) involved in the sector. The best practices in the sector and education were shared. This network greatly contributed to the TA’s outcome. DPs agreed to continue to support the sector in the country and at the regional level and confirmed their financial support in the institutional and investment programs.

Project Number: 51364-001
Project Name: Establishment of Kazakstan Knowledge Center on Integrated Water Resources Management
Report Date: