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Lesson
Close coordination among key stakeholders is especially required in complex and large-scale projects. Bolstered by strong partnership with and regular involvement and oversight from ADB, the executing agency and the project implementation unit’s professional and technical staff would have contributed to the delivery of the intended outcome and outputs. Professional and technical support was particularly important as the municipality of Ulaanbaatar MUB lack in capacity to effectively manage and coordinate the program.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex and large-scale investment programs demand more rigorous front-end analyses to identify appropriate implementation arrangements and timelines. Drawn-out government approval processes, lack of qualified and experienced consultants, and inadequate high-level support and guidance obstructed the implementation of this investment program. Being a complex and the first-generation bus rapid transit investment in Mongolia, the program required a longer implementation period.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Deficiencies in structure and lack of authority can hamper the work of the PMU and create implementation difficulties. Although the PMU was established to coordinate the work of various departments of the executing agency, the PMU structure could have been more effective. The PMU’s role was limited to liaising with ADB and coordinating the inputs of the executing agency’s planning, design, procurement, and construction departments.

Project Number: 41340-013
Project Name: Advanced Electricity Metering Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of capacity and experience in executing/implementing agencies as well as lack of reference projects can negatively impact project implementation. This project encountered delays because the executing agency and project management unit (PMU) lacked capacity and prior experience with international financial institution–financed procurement and management of large projects. Moreover, there were no reference projects with similar legal and regional setups to provide lessons and guidance to the executing agency and PMU.

Project Number: 41340-013
Project Name: Advanced Electricity Metering Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Basic governance and project management capacity are needed for the success of institutional development projects. This first loan to a state-owned enterprise in Mongolia has demonstrated several lessons. First, having a stable and consistent governance in place within the executing agency is critical prior to pursuing reforms. Second, clarity in the legal status of the implementing agency and the applicable rules and regulations would help mitigate political risks.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a dedicated Gender staff in the implementing agency can limit the implementation of the project's Gender action plan (GAP). The reform process in the sector led to the suspension of some GAP activities and necessitated revisions of several GAP activities and targets. Although the factors that caused the delay in the implementation of the GAP were beyond the control of the executing agency, the absence of dedicated Gender staff in the PIU impeded certain GAP activities.

Project Number: 41340-013
Project Name: Advanced Electricity Metering Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Selection of the most suitable modality to support institutional development requires adequate consideration of the various factors intricately linked to it, including the prevailing political dynamics, incentive structures in public administration, and commitment of the relevant development agencies. In the case of this project, frequent changes in the senior management of the Erdenes Mongol jeopardized project ownership and seriously affected implementation.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Insufficient financial staffing and difficulties in information collection could hinder compliance to ADB financial requirements. During implementation, the IA faced challenges in complying with ADB’s financial management requirements. Submissions of audited project and entity financial statements were delayed because of (i) difficult information collection process, (ii) reports not complying with ADB guidelines, and (iii) insufficient accounting staff because of Uzbekenergo’s unbundling and restructuring.

Project Number: 41340-013
Project Name: Advanced Electricity Metering Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While cash support is vital for immediate relief and consumption smoothing during a crisis, which in turn reduces the adoption of risky coping strategies—such as reducing food intake, selling assets, or borrowing—it is important during the post-crisis or recovery period to introduce programs that increase poor and vulnerable households’ resilience to future shocks.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening social protection systems in advance, including benefit payment systems, poverty targeting systems, program registration systems, etc., is critical to be able to respond to shocks quickly when they happen. For example, Mongolia’s 100% electronic payment system for the universal child grants made it easy to transfer increased grants to recipients.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Shock-responsive social protection mechanisms are effective in responding to the severe socioeconomic impact of global pandemics. Topping up existing benefits (known as vertical expansion) and using existing benefit delivery mechanisms allowed the government to respond quickly, ultimately reaching 80% of the population with cash support. This approach has also been adopted for pandemic response in other ADB developing member countries.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Good due diligence at appraisal is important to prepare a realistic project costing and schedule, particularly paying attention to the institutional setup, internal review and approval procedures, existing capacity, and prior experience of the government and executing agency in implementing ADB’s and other development partners' projects

Project Number: 43151-023
Project Name: Talimarjan Power Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Private sector participation can translate into additional financing to tap other energy sources such as solar and wind, which can complement combined cycle gas turbine technology. Combined with efficient operations, this can boost consumer access to affordable and sustainable electricity.

Project Number: 43151-023
Project Name: Talimarjan Power Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring pertinent output performance indicators for capacity building are important to reflect to better tackle deficiencies identified during due diligence of the executing agency and the implementing agency's capacities, especially regarding procurement and their understanding of ADB procedures and requirements.

Project Number: 50063-001
Project Name: Kashkadarya Regional Road Project
Report Date: