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Lesson
The evaluation offers some lessons regarding the need to (i) properly adapt the scope and time frame of comprehensive and sensitive policy reforms to institutional capacity, (ii) carefully sequence reforms, and (iii) take a long-term approach to development. Developing capital markets is a long-term process, for which 10-20 years may be considered a realistic time frame. Capital market reform should focus on a limited set of highly selective and sequenced reforms that are within reach of government implementation capacity.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The provision of technical assistance (TA) should match the scope of targeted policy reforms and the capacity of implementing agencies. In addition, it appears from the evaluation of the program that ADB's great reliance on TA consultants to develop much of its policy and advisory input affects its ability to develop sustainable internal capacity on policy issues. It has thereby reduced ADB's ability to quickly respond to government requests for policy advice and to engage in long-term dialogue.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In general, it is proposed that program loans should either not include highly complex and far-reaching policy reforms or build on enhanced policy dialogue, comprehensive technical assistance, and intensive monitoring and review by ADB. Lack of technical understanding on the part of political decision makers requires support for comprehensive and consistent advisory technical assistance throughout the drafting and approval process of new legislation.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing roles for nongovernment organizations. The SSSDP brought civil society into social welfare provision for the first time in Mongolia. The role of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) can be expanded in the areas of monitoring of policy implementation, service, and advocacy for reforms.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project did not have an adequate monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system. Analysis on gender and socioeconomic impacts are not available because of a lack of collection and disaggregation of data. The limited capacity of the M&E unit needs to be addressed if the impacts of future reform initiatives are to be properly assessed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of information, education, and communication. The SSSDP conducted an intensive information, education, and communication campaign to garner support among the public and politicians for the reforms. As Mongolia enters a new period of reform that may result in the introduction of a national PMT, it is vital that a new information, education, and communication campaign is put in place and sustained.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The State Social Insurance General Office (SSIGO) made considerable progress in improving its technical capacity under the project. It is likely that even greater progress would have been made had the office been given greater autonomy and more involvement in policy making.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Updating the social security sector strategy paper. The Social Security Sector Strategy Paper (SSSSP) was a major milestone and the document is still a valuable guide for the sector. There is a need to update it, and this should be a priority once key decisions have been made regarding the proposed consolidation and targeting of benefits.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Improving the impact of business incubation centers. The impact of the centers could be furthered by (i) providing start-up loans and performance-based support, (ii) providing better outreach to remote areas, and (iii) developing business incubation center packages that better target the livestock development needs of herders.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Livelihood support councils. As part of the reforms pioneered by the project, the government introduced livelihood support councils. The councils clearly have an important contribution to make and have the legal mandate to do so. However, there is uncertainty as to how effective they are nationally and what is the full range of their responsibilities. A national assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the councils is urgently needed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Creating incentives at vocational training centers. The investment in training and workshop equipment has helped the vocational training centers to generate income. This income could provide a sustainable fund for equipment replacement and student scholarships.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Social welfare reform is a sensitive and protracted process. The Social Security Sector Development Program (SSSDP) pioneered new concepts and approaches at a critical time in the country s history, but the reforms it initiated are not complete. The progress made by the program in developing a new vision for social welfare was undermined by the introduction of universal benefits. New efforts at introducing proxy means test (PMT) under the Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project (FNSWPP), are attempting to help ensure that the reform agenda is sustained.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Te SSSDP failed to explicitly address a fundamental weakness in the social welfare system: the systematic exclusion of unregistered households. Efforts to overcome this flaw need to be accelerated.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date: