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Lesson
The issue of tariffs is complicated by (i) the high cost of servicing in some areas, particularly the ger area settlements; and (ii) the government's willingness to subsidize service tariffs. The project supported a dialogue between ADB and the government around urban service reform, tariff issues, the application and targeting of government subsidies, and the development of more transparent, efficient and equitable mechanisms for directing such subsidies in public services.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project had only limited, uneven success in raising tariffs, resulting in underfunding of operation and maintenance (O&M). This raises the need for wider institutional and policy reform. The support of ADB and other development partners has focused on helping the government to rebuild assets but has placed less emphasis on building the institutions and systems required to ensure these assets are maintained and used efficiently.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional weakness has been a key constraint to timely and efficient project execution and to long-term sustainability of newly created assets. Local capacity constraints were exacerbated by a centralized system of governance, management and decision making. Local infrastructure investments remain largely at the discretion of the central government and local officials lack the budgetary and human resources or skills to maintain assets and to effectively respond to the constituents' needs. The incentives and resources for local governments to strengthen services are limited.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Mongolia is a large country with a small population and limited technical capacity. The project represented a major change to existing practices in institutions with few technical resources and limited technical capacity. In future interventions of this type, greater emphasis should be placed on measures to build technical and management capacity in the executing, implementing, and end-user institutions.

Project Number: 30531-013
Project Name: Cadastral Survey and Land Registration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from the irregularities with civil works in Zavhan aimag are the need to (i) provide external monitoring of civil works in addition to regular monitoring by Ministry of Health (MOH) and various statutory inspection bodies (ADB has organized external monitoring for subsequent projects in the health sector), and (ii) strengthen the bid evaluation capacity of MOH (the weak capacity of some of the firms involved in irregularities could have been detected at an early stage).

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing the National Land Information System, more attention could have been paid to the external constraints likely to impact negatively on the system (such as power and connectivity constraints). A more incremental approach to system development might have been more appropriate, with complexity added as external infrastructure improved.

Project Number: 30531-013
Project Name: Cadastral Survey and Land Registration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The level of complexity of the National Land Information System (NLIS) was also a challenge for ADB. While the technical assistance consultant provided useful reporting and briefing notes, the consultant and ADB were unable to prevent delays that resulted from the negotiations between the executing agency and contractor. More technical support during NLIS design could have helped.

Project Number: 30531-013
Project Name: Cadastral Survey and Land Registration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Elements of the project were technically complex. While the technical assistance consultants did a good job of specifying the system requirements, there were insufficient resources to fully familiarize the client with the technical approach, and to moderate requests for system enhancements. As a result, there was a communication gap between the client and the National Land Information System (NLIS) contractor, which ultimately resulted in the system design moving away from the structure originally specified.

Project Number: 30531-013
Project Name: Cadastral Survey and Land Registration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The relationship between Ministry of Health (MOH) and the project implementation unit needed to be discussed from the beginning of the project. This would have avoided the PIU isolating itself from MOH's decision-making process, as happened too often during the first 2 years of implementation. Decision-making procedures need to be clarified to involve MOH departments and higher authorities in decisions affecting bidding processes, consultant selection and outputs, policy matters, and resource allocation in the health sector.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date: