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Lesson
The absence of baseline data and excessive number of targets in the original DMF was the result of inexperience with the MFF modality. The management of DMFs throughout the life of a MFF was a lesson to be learned but the lessons did not include the way in which baseline data was applied and targets designed. These topics were not new to project DMFs. It is also suggested that the overestimation of what the program could achieve is also a lesson to be learned and one which might be expected in a pioneer application of the MFF modality.

Project Number: 37559-023, 37559-033, 37559-043
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The $770 million appraisal estimate for 836 km of roads was overambitious given the 10-year time frame and the acknowledged low capacity of the NHA at appraisal. Project 1 design underestimated the security constraints to project preparation and implementation especially in Baluchistan which contained the largest proportion of project roads. Appropriate risks and assumptions were not adequately recognized by ADB until Project 2.

Project Number: 37559-023, 37559-033, 37559-043
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The institutional strengthening component was highly responsive to the operational deficiencies of the NHA. The design of this component was much weakened by NHA’s lack of commitment which caused delays and changes to the terms of reference and missed performance targets. Closer collaboration with the NHA prior to loan approval could have strengthened this component.

Project Number: 37559-023, 37559-033, 37559-043
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition problems experienced by NHA. This required working with provincial governments which have legal responsibility for land matters and going through the difficult experiences in harmonizing national laws and ADB’s policy for social safeguards. An independent consultant engaged under the institutional strengthening project in 2007 identified and presented these issues in a written report.

Project Number: 37559-023, 37559-033, 37559-043
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An incremental, phased approach to implementing transformational reforms can help reduce political resistance and enhance the sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective institutional arrangements are critically important to the successful implementation of urban reforms.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Investing in comprehensive, integrated sector packages with a focus on priority cities have a strong impact in achieving urban sector reforms.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing and promoting an ambitious and transformative undertaking require substantial preparation and investment .

Project Number: 33364-013
Project Name: Agribusiness Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design needs to be cautious of interlinked project components and institution works, e.g. the lack of further financing support under component 2 stifled the momentum of progress in forming farmer enterprise groups and the lack of success in grade standardization and certification hindered progress in developing the wholesale market database under component 3.

Project Number: 33364-013
Project Name: Agribusiness Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and implementation of the cluster program shows that it was too ambitious in its scope, and that depth of program engagement is more important than breadth of reforms. Improving the overall efficiency of the government is a complex undertaking. It requires major changes in existing institutional arrangements, human resource capacity, and legal and regulatory frameworks.

Project Number: 41666-013
Project Name: Punjab Government Efficiency Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In the future, ADB would have to prioritize and ensure that the executing agency operationalizes financial management system, including project performance monitoring, an essential aspect of project implementation, and results evaluation, in the early stages of project implementation.

Project Number: 37559-033, 37559-023
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program–Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The capability of National Highway Authority to use ADB processes and procedures needed to be strengthened to avoid implementation delays.

Project Number: 37559-033, 37559-023
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program–Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The highway improvement component had a realistic time frame that took account of implementation issues in Pakistan such as governance, security, and institutional capacity constraints.

Project Number: 37559-033, 37559-023
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program–Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of reform momentum and of programmatic assistance for sustaining the momentum. However, the experience with some reforms in core policy areas 1 and 3 is a reminder that when sufficient political pressure is exerted, financial and technical capacity constraints can sometimes be overcome, even in the absence of programmatic support (as would have been provided through subprogram 3). This calls for greater effort during the design and implementation stages to assess the political and economic context, which can determine whether or not a reform effort will succeed.

Project Number: 41545-013, 41545-023
Project Name: Sindh Growth and Rural Revitalization Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Most of the benefits associated with the reforms supported under the cluster program were conditional on the final reforms to be supported under a subprogram 3, which never eventuated. To the extent that this caused reform momentum to be lost or take a risky direction, this approach risked delaying (at a minimum) or wasting years of reform effort (TA, financial resources and government commitment).

Project Number: 41545-013, 41545-023
Project Name: Sindh Growth and Rural Revitalization Program
Report Date:
CSV