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Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence for future projects should include developing a thorough understanding of the institutional setup and internal review and approval procedures as well as mapping out effective mitigation measures to minimize delays. This project's implementation was affected by cumbersome approval mechanisms at the executing agency (EA) headquarters for contract variations and extensions. Frequent interventions by ADB and EA top management were required to expedite decision-making.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely and appropriate changes in scope and reallocation of loan and grant proceeds responding to actual project needs emerging from implementation can help utilize available loan and grant resources in a more targeted and efficient manner to facilitate more activities and deliver more outputs. For example, responding to the government’s request relating to E35 contributed directly to developing an efficient and safer transport corridor between Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Multan for more connectivity between the various parts of the country.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance management system created difficulties in estimating the project’s economic benefits. A project performance management system would provide data on which to base more accurate EIRR estimates and the development impacts of road projects.

Project Number: 40075-023, 40075-033, 40075-043
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance management system (PPMS) created difficulties in estimating the economic benefits of the project. A PPMS would provide data on which to base more accurate EIRR estimates and the development impacts of road projects.

Project Number: 40075-033
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of specificity in the DMF creates difficulties in assessing the development impacts of road projects. For example, a decrease in the road fatality rate in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was a poor indicator for road safety on the project road.

Project Number: 40075-033
Project Name: National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Focusing PSE reform programs or components thereof on selected demonstrations and bringing these demonstrations to conclusion can produce models on how companies could be liquidated, privatized, or restructured to boost performance.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A road map approach, which integrates intensive support for all the three triage groupings (liquidated, privatized, and retained and improved), agreed or urged in the 2013 IMF Extended Fund Facility and reiterated in 2019, and provides a much more targeted and politically sensitive communication strategy can help Pakistan gain headway in reforming its PSEs.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Incremental PSE governance reforms in Pakistan can be helpful, if layered on many others over a long period of time.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Supporting the most urgent and critical measures in reforming Pakistan's public sector enterprises (PSEs), agreed with government, may yield deeper results.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-matched policy-based loan and technical assistance is a promising approach that can enable the attainment of more ambitious and technically difficult reform results.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Beyond a broad road map, it may be beneficial to concentrate support on PSEs that have already demonstrated results or good performance.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Without a consensus on the objectives of enterprise reform, actions are often reversed by the next government, particularly in cases where significant staff redundancies take place.

Project Number: 48065-002
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Public sector enterprise reform programs are more likely to achieve sustainable results if they are guided by a clear statement of the vision and objectives of the reform efforts.

Project Number: 48065-002
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
A plausible linkage between outputs and outcome and from outcome to impact needs to be carefully addressed In designing the project results chain.

Project Number: 48065-002
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date: