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Lesson
A robust mechanism for continued consultation needs to be agreed on and put in place to address the fundamental issues in capital market development in Pakistan. Broadly, the program envisaged two key reforms: (i) strengthening the regulatory framework, and (ii) development and Implementation of a comprehensive capital market master plan. During program Implementation, ADB held two consultation workshops with all government and private sector stakeholders, including development partners.

Project Number: 53221-001, 53221-002, 53221-003
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy actions should not include legislative businesses that require the approval of Parliament, which is beyond the executive branch’s control.

Project Number: 53221-001, 53221-002, 53221-003
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeting core reforms is crucial to maximizing program impact. A few policy actions that are critical to improving the effectiveness and efficacy of the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan could have been prioritized, rather than focusing on privatizing public sector enterprises, which can be part of a future reform program dedicated to state-owned enterprise reforms.

Project Number: 53221-001, 53221-002, 53221-003
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Too many implementing agencies completing too many policy actions, make progam coordination very difficult.

Project Number: 53221-001, 53221-002, 53221-003
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Extension of the TA for one year due to foreseeable events would not have been necessary had the TA been designed more appropriately.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
On the output indicator, understanding of the underlying environment, including quality of data, through pre-investigative works could have ensured better design of TA outputs.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, ensuring that adequate resources are allocated to finance important associated costs (e.g., hiring of dedicated staff to monitor use of proceeds and to ensure compliance with post-issuance reporting requirements) could help facilitate sustained increase in green bonds issuance.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, understanding the additional costs (beyond external review fees) would help in identifying the reasons why there was no second-round issuance (which affects reputation if green status is lost) even though issuers have already invested heavily to establish proper internal system to monitor use of proceeds and provide post-issuance reporting.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The outcome indicator should have been formulated more clearly and the outputs/activities planned to better ensure that it could deliver the targeted outcome.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The way the lesson was formulated in the TCR could be improved (it is stated more like an issue rather than lesson learned). But lessons can be inferred that addressing reputational risk and additional costs for meeting green bonds requirements, ensuring a certain level of market maturity, and establishing clear regulations by market regulators are necessary conditions to the successful attainment of the TA objectives.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The way the lesson was formulated in the TCR could be improved (it is stated more like an issue rather than lesson learned). But a lesson could be inferred that ensuring individual DMC commitment upfront and awareness measures could seamlessly facilitate progress towards the attainment of the objective of the TA.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Also, ensuring that approval is sought for changes in the indicators in the course of TA implementation is a good practice.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have further discussed the benefits or disadvantages of having government agencies as local partners, such as the Policy Research Bureau of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, facilitate workshop organization and implementation.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have elaborated on the need for consultants to ably navigate (or be supported to navigate) the consultant management system to ensure timely closure of TA accounts.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have TCR could have provided further details about the national agenda/initiatives from India, Indonesia, and the PRC (Green Finance Initiative) brought about by the experience in developing this regional AMF. Based on the wrap-up workshop brief, staff from the East Asia Deparment, Central and West Asia Department, Office of the Special Project Facilitator, South Asia Department, and Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, were present. Such details and other lessons from the Manila wrap-up workshop could have been mentioned in the TCR as well.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date: