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Lesson
Ownership of the reform process is critical and, given the experience of this, it will remain so. The reform agenda was fully in line with government and ADB strategies and priorities. This allowed for timely and quick support that resulted in comprehensive products. Detailed discussion on outcome indicators at the design stage is critical to finding the best possible indicators for measuring outcome.

Project Number: 51066-001, 51066-003
Project Name: Finance Sector and Fiscal Management Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical assistance (TA) is important to ensure timely identification and support to critical reforms at challenging times. TA support contributed to the program being implemented within the original timeline. Transaction TA allowed for the development of additional activities that formed the post-program partnership framework (P3F). The practice of including P3F actions in the design of the programmatic policy-based lending should be continued, as it shapes up next-level dialogue with the government. It also helps ADB and the government to maintain a longer-term prospective.

Project Number: 51066-001, 51066-003
Project Name: Finance Sector and Fiscal Management Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Trade facilitation reforms and national single window (NSW) development are complex undertakings requiring much time to be completed. This project's timelines were very ambitious with regard to the NSW component given that it required institutional and regulatory reforms; business process reengineering across multiple government agencies; as well as design, development, and integration of the SWIS.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the government anti-crisis plan in terms of maintaining economic growth and protecting vulnerable groups validated the effectiveness of the government’s approach. The reforms it promoted proved successful in achieving the government’s goals of protecting vulnerable citizens, ensuring food security, and maintaining employment levels while promoting gender equality and climate and disaster resilience.

Project Number: 56147-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Political support, and ultimately political accountability, is an essential component of institutional reform. An early back-to-office report (September 2014) stated that the government appreciated the importance of promoting a better business environment in the context of the private sector’s contribution to growth in gross domestic product. The government set up a Consultative Council on Reduction of Business Inspecting Agencies, chaired by the First Deputy Prime Minister to monitor implementation progress. All policy actions were completed.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Multidimensional programs need to have a balance on types of indicators but should take care to ensure that progress in threshold indicators can be properly recognized in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). Only 9 of the 12 unique output indicators between subprograms 1 and 2 had been achieved or almost achieved. Of these 9 achieved output indicators, 7 were binary , i.e., they only take the value of achieved or not achieved. The output indicators not achieved had specific numerical targets that had not been met.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Another lesson relating to the TA is the selection of appropriate design and monitoring framework indicators that pertain to the effective utilization of knowledge products. Since the main outputs of regional capacity development TAs are knowledge products, monitoring the extent of utilization or uptake of the knowledge products produced within and/or outside ADB would benefit from user surveys or interviews. These surveys and interviews can help provide insights into how the knowledge products have benefited their users.

Project Number: 47146-001
Project Name: Macroeconomic Modelling for Improved Economic Assessment
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexible umbrella TA projects allow for the projects to be opportunistic and take on new initiatives, but there could be implementation challenges and time delays. This also means that not all results may be known at TA project completion. For instance, the subproject on future cities was included through additional TASF resources, but this also required extension and the procurement of additional consultancy services. Although work progressed in the three pilot cities, it is not clear whether this was taken up by the respective governments by the end of the TA project.

Project Number: 48206-001
Project Name: Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Sequencing of activities can help to progress implementation. For example, early capacity development and analytical work can help to speed up disbursement, while use of knowledge and evidence comes at a later stage in implementation.

Project Number: 48206-001
Project Name: Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The political economy is a key consideration and can result in significant delays especially if counterpart capacity is low.

Project Number: 48206-001
Project Name: Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
To avoid risk of failure, an umbrella TA should balance out the risk in the portfolio between highly innovative yet risky activities and those with firm disbursement schedules.

Project Number: 48206-001
Project Name: Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Reforms should be embedded in government institutions that can take ownership and ensure that these will last beyond the life of the TA project.

Project Number: 48033-001
Project Name: Enhancing Road Safety for Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Member Countries
Report Date:
Lesson
As this validation mentions, there is a need for government counterpart(s) to make an in-kind contribution so they have a “stake” in the results.

Project Number: 48033-001
Project Name: Enhancing Road Safety for Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Member Countries
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation adds that pioneering the GCF proposals with a strong SDCD team, like in Mongolia, will provide a sound template and be an effective way to demonstrate success for the subsequent proposals.

Project Number: 47286-001
Project Name: Enhancing Readiness of ADB Developing Member Countries for Scaled Up Climate Finance
Report Date:
Lesson
Early engagement with ADB project teams to frame projects as climate relevant, as well as early engagement with external climate finance providers facilitated mobilization of timely resources—this lesson on early and proactive engagement is generalizable for implementation and delivery. Although it may be inferred, no clear evidence is provided for the value added of promoting knowledge exchange among DMCs.

Project Number: 47286-001
Project Name: Enhancing Readiness of ADB Developing Member Countries for Scaled Up Climate Finance
Report Date: