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Lesson
Technical experts need to be contracted early in the project cycle to prepare sound engineering designs and cost estimates.

Project Number: 29296-013
Project Name: Phuoc Hoa Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, conducting a midterm review provides opportunities for TA projects, particularly, cluster TA projects to improve its design, implementation, and monitoring of progress. This was a missed opportunity during the implementation of this cluster RETA. Data and findings from these reviews could have been maximized by ADB. Review findings could have not only fed into the design of subproject 2 but also to the overall design of the cluster RETA. This can result in better monitoring, particularly providing quantitative evidence on the achievements of the cluster RETA.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, designing a complex cluster TA requires a conduct of a detailed risks assessment (i.e., risk strategy matrix vs. DMF statements), involving extensive consultations with the stakeholders. This was apparently done for subproject 2 but was not evident for the cluster RETA.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The improvements in the design were only done for subproject 2, while the overall DMF of the cluster RETA was left unchanged. This resulted in a disconnect and unclear results chain links between subproject 2’s narrowed focus and the cluster RETA’s outcome and outputs at appraisal. In a TA cluster, any changes in the subprojects require a revisit of the cluster TA’s DMF. The timely and critical review of preceding subproject(s) of a cluster TA project helped in ensuring that emerging issues and needs from stakeholders are addressed appropriately within the cluster TA project’s timeframe.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, providing a policy and advisory TA to this type of initiative can help the discussion and negotiations among and between policymakers. Findings and recommendations from data-driven and evidence-based technical studies and outputs produced by the TA can increase the reliability of ADB in policy dialogue. Communicating this body of knowledge to policymakers can generate deeper knowledge among them and at the same time, help foster and strengthen ADB’s involvement in the process.

Project Number: 44174-022
Project Name: Support for Implementing the Action Plan for Transport and Trade Facilitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Subprojects 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
In future projects, the counterpart funds should be well and firmly arranged at project preparation, including the fund sources, budgeting, financial management, and coordination among the central government, the VEC, and the local governments. At appraisal, it was arranged that the government counterpart fund would fully finance the cost for LAR. However, the government was not able to provide adequate and timely counterpart funds. The significant financing gap raised several serious issues and concerns and postponed project implementation for at least 2 years.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The project preparation should be strengthened to avoid excessive unexpected changes during implementation. Upon detailed design, the estimated civil works cost increased substantially mainly because of price escalation and engineering enhancement. Considering the budget availability, the detailed design was modified with a lower civil works cost and the procurement for one civil works contract was postponed. However, the bids for the civil works contracts was much lower than estimated, about 30%.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Both ADB and the government should pay adequate attention and make reasonable arrangements during project preparation. Aside from delays caused by the shortage of funds, the LAR activities were very slow, especially at some interchange locations for civil works. Eventually, the LAR activities were substantially completed in March 2018, about five years later than planned. Expressway projects require large amounts of land, which also lead to substantial resettlement.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The government should pay adequate attention to the ADB’s policy and procedure, as well as improve its capacity in procurement. Meanwhile, ADB should strengthen project preparation, including providing more training. In 2011, the Office of Anticorruption and Integrity conducted a proactive integrity review on another expressway project in Viet Nam, which identified some issues. In 2016, the follow-up review determined that 16 of the 21 recommendations had been implemented.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc-Long Thanh Expressway Project - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Having multiple resettlement plans in place provides scope for the main canals to be implemented first, a technical advantage for an irrigation project.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Gender targets, to be realistic, need to be informed by the baseline situation including prevailing gender biases and the actual status of women in the project areas.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated approach to water resources development is feasible.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Early mobilization of consultants expedites project startup and implementation.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Combining resettlement plans with ethnic minority development plans (EMDPs) results in a shorter review time and expedites approval.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A lesson from this TA is that the benefits of a regional TA approach seem strong in terms of applicability among GMS countries, and the potential for improving standards and value chains across different product categories is great. As one gets into the “retail” side of capacity development (where farmer and other producer beneficiaries are trained on how to produce according to the standards), the costs vis-à-vis the benefits of TAs from different activities and for different stakeholder groups may need to be shown before they attract donor buy-ins.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date: