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Lesson
Financial crises may pressure a government to initiate policy reforms, and provide opportunities for development partners to introduce international best practices through policy-based loans. A key challenge in this context is to ensure that reforms introduced in response to emergency conditions are sustained in the post-crisis period. For the program, implementation of policy actions progressed as planned, and tranche 2 policy actions were achieved ahead of schedule, illustrating the broad political and institutional commitment to continued and sustainable reforms.

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms are largely politically driven. The involvement and roles of government, stakeholders and politicians and the benefits to each party are important considerations in the design and implementation of policy-based loans. With a change in government in 2013, actions initiated under the program could have been altered, reversed or subject to delays or resistance. However, the program initiatives were fully endorsed by the new government, demonstrating that the program was well thought out and designed to transcend politics.

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The adequacy and appropriateness of project design have to be tailored to the project’s ultimate objectives and complexities. The PCR provided weak justification of the relevance of the extension and the insufficiency of indicators.

Project Number: 39662-012, 39662-022
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
There should have been adequate assessment at appraisal of the suitability of a new facility such as the cost-sharing facility, especially in the context of Bhutan where the number of business development services (BDS) providers is small and where government heavily subsidizes training for BDS.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Under the Financial Sector Development Program, the development and approval of key financial sector legislation was an important contribution to sector development. While the delays were inevitable, closer, longterm, in-country dialogue with the government would have been beneficial. This dialogue and close program monitoring will be enhanced by the establishment of a resident mission in Bhutan. ADB has been a long-standing partner of Bhutan's financial sector development since the beginning.

Project Number: 37164-023
Project Name: Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although delayed, the Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise policy paper made effective use of consultations. Several white papers preceded it, and they solicited broad feedback that produced a strong final product. In addition, the paper included a tangible strategy and action plan that gives the Department of Cottage and Small Industry a clear work program.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB could have participated in the project steering committee. Without ADB's participation, the committee's decision making was constrained because its decisions were still subject to ADB's concurrence.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program included innovations that were new to Bhutan, so qualified local consultants were not available. Yet it was difficult to find foreign consultants who understood the Bhutanese context. The design and monitoring framework did identify �lack of qualified staff� as a risk. For future programs, however, ADB should further refine this risk to capture the tension between external expertise and local knowledge.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There was strong continuity between ADB's earlier support to establish a credit information bureau and this project's support for a central registry. There are natural synergies between the two initiatives that increase the effectiveness and sustainability of each.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementing agency should have been more involved in program design. The Ministry of Economic Affairs' Planning and Policy Division developed the program, but the Department of Cottage and Small Industry (DCSI) was responsible for implementation. The DCSI thought that some components could have been designed differently to improve their impact (e.g., the cost-sharing facility).

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date: