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Lesson
A government-led program with coordinated support from development partners, is effective in enabling a rapid, timely, and highly relevant emergency response to pandemics. ADB’s COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support (CARES) program proved efficacious in channeling support for the Cambodian government to address the adverse social, health, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The country engagement framework (CEF) worked effectively for the CARES program and may be used for continued engagement and dialogue with the government on post-CARES follow-on work. Dialogue with key stakeholders from the private sector and civil society played an invaluable role in: (i) providing government with firsthand accounts of the challenges faced by the sectors from the evolving conditions under the pandemic; and (ii) establishing a direct feedback loop to the government on how policies were translating on the ground. The dialogue was consistent with ADB’s CEF in Cambodia.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Stronger coordination between the national and subnational levels is necessary to ensure a coordinated approach to implementation, reporting, and monitoring. More could be done to strengthen vertical and horizontal coordination between the relevant government agencies for improved outcomes.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Data collection, which took longer than anticipated under the CARES program, need to be expedited in future emergency responses. Data collection challenges experienced under CARES included (i) competing priorities, (ii) need to cover many different agencies, and (iii) need to collect data remotely. In some cases, the same dataset was collected from multiple sources and agencies, necessitating cross checking and verification and requiring considerable time and resources.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated approach to sustainable recovery is necessary to enhance the development impact of the CARES program. While the CPRO’s primary purpose was to deliver emergency assistance to support the government’s pandemic response, it also supported overall measures to keep the government on track in pursuing structural reforms that would enable a sustainable recovery from the pandemic. Such measures cohere around an integrated approach to meet Cambodia’s medium- and long-term recovery needs, including an improved investment environment and sound fiscal governance.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The initial indicators for assessing the benefits can be refined during implementation to yield reliable results.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Following wider lessons learned from ADB projects, recruitment of a single specialist to support implementation and monitoring of both gender and safeguards technical areas is insufficient.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In public health projects, it is important that the underlying results chain have adequate components to ensure the welfare of ultimate beneficiaries, and not just confined to serving the involved agencies and their stakeholders.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessing and clarifying the indirect economic welfare generated by the provision of public goods is essential since these are not readily evident, especially in a regional context.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular or periodic harmonization of policies is essential in a regional project in which a number of countries, with different levels of development, are engaged together to deliver regional public goods.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When it comes to mass drug administration programs, greater attention should be given to prophylaxis— especially in the Lao PDR with its high prevalence of helminth infection in rural areas. For remote and hard-to-reach areas, the best possible delivery mechanism for helminth prevention is yet to be identified.

Project Number: 41505-012
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Experienced and dedicated teams contribute to implementation success. The project largely inherited the oversight and management teams from ADB’s first GMS CDC project. Continuity of staff and consistency of support from ADB contributed significantly to the success of the project in achieving most of its outcome and outputs. The appointment of high-ranked officials as project directors ensured effective coordination and implementation of project activities.

Project Number: 41505-012
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong laboratory capacity and field epidemiology vital for rapid response. The project has appropriately targeted the strengthening of laboratory capacity and field epidemiology as essential for accurate early detection of disease outbreaks. These investments boosted the level of diagnostic preparedness, and the CLV countries rightly requested continued support in improving laboratory quality and building capacity in field epidemiology. The ongoing GMS Health Security Project continues to support these areas as well as hospital infection prevention and control.

Project Number: 41505-012
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective communicable disease control starts in the communities. Community preparedness to detect and respond to communicable disease outbreaks is crucial to effective CDC. The MHV model was a learning experience for public health and local leaders in this project. Through community participation, the local stakeholders who are most directly affected were empowered, which in turn encourages ownership and sustainability of the MHV concept.

Project Number: 41505-012
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investments in regional cooperation are essential for health security. The ability of communicable diseases to cross international boundaries and affect large number of people demands a sustained and coordinated response among neighboring countries. The continued cooperation between the CLV countries provided a good practice for a coordinated response mechanism against this threat. The regional design enabled the sharing of knowledge, experiences, and resources and supported better data capture and timely information exchange, which are essential to CDC.

Project Number: 41505-012
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date: