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Lesson
The project costs at completion differed significantly from the processing estimates. Despite various factors during construction and the significant increase in land acquisition and resettlement costs, processing estimates should be updated in accordance with the approved feasibility study and preliminary design. The cost estimates also affected the financial and economic evaluation results. Due to improved project readiness, more precise project cost estimates based on the approved feasibility study or preliminary design are now available during processing.

Project Number: 39153-013
Project Name: Chongqing-Lichuan Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The construction and operation of the CLR significantly contributed to regional socioeconomic development and poverty reduction by (i) contributing to gross domestic product (GDP) and government revenue growth, increased rural income, and reduced poverty incidence in the project area; (ii) creating jobs through the construction and operation of the railway and development of tourism; (iii) providing safer, faster, and more affordable mobility for local people and migrant laborers; and (iv) improving gender and ethnic minority development due to expansion of local economic development.

Project Number: 39153-013
Project Name: Chongqing-Lichuan Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The lessons learned from the Chongqing-Lichuan Railway's (CLR) land acquisition and resettlement activities include the following: (i) land acquisition and resettlement costs, including potential increases in compensation rates, resettlement site construction costs, and adequate contingency for unexpected land acquisition and house demolition impacts should be budgeted adequately; (ii) land acquisition and resettlement funds should be fully incorporated in the project's overall financial management (local governments currently raise and use land acquisition and resettlement funds

Project Number: 39153-013
Project Name: Chongqing-Lichuan Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The traffic forecast for initial commercial operations was optimistic at appraisal, particularly for freight transport because it requires not only physical infrastructure but also coherent operational arrangements. For example, low-speed break-bulk freight traffic requires increased safety inspections of tracks and facilities when high-speed passenger traffic operates on the same line. In future projects, mixed traffic arrangements for both passenger and freight transportation should be reviewed carefully for efficiency and safety to avoid underutilizing capacity.

Project Number: 39153-013
Project Name: Chongqing-Lichuan Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient consultation and participation with stakeholders helped promote ownership, responsibility, and the dissemination of project benefits. During processing and implementation, consultation meetings with stakeholders at various levels were held on the project's design, construction, safeguards, job opportunities, and gender and social impacts. These meetings included hundreds of participants at the village, town, county, and city levels.

Project Number: 39153-013
Project Name: Chongqing-Lichuan Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was named the 'FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) Outstanding Project in 2015', acknowledging its wide application of prevailing international construction and operation technology and more environmentally friendly solutions. The recognition also demonstrated that the project's innovative and advanced approach achieved cost effectiveness, efficiency, safety, and sustainability.

Project Number: 39153-013
Project Name: Chongqing-Lichuan Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Accommodating double-stack containers is a national standard for new railway lines, but double-stack containers have just started to be used in limited lines in the PRC. Given the small quantity of freight traffic on the YWR, double-stack containers are unlikely to be used for the time being. Although this is not a project-level issue, there is a need to review whether this requirement is applied to all new railway lines, or to follow-up the future utilization plan for double-stack containers.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang–Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In future railway planning, given increasing competitiveness of inland waterways this decade, intermodal transport combining railways and inland waterways needs to be considered.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang–Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future railway planning needs to analyze the capacity of other railway lines that affect the project line. Planning should also note that although many PRC passenger trains still have to share heavily used tracks with freight trains, resulting in compromised speed and capacity, the rapidly expanding railway network will gradually enable separation of passenger and freight operation to achieve higher efficiency.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang–Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance (TA) fostered a gradual but notable increase in the Weinan Municipal Government (WMG) appreciation for waterbird and saltpan management, confirming the importance of the training activities. This was demonstrated by the project management office (PMO) promoting the values of the Luyanghu saltpans after the TA. The TA benefited from the small but strong consultant team, which networked effectively with the WMG and Shaanxi Department of Forestry and resulted in scaling up of the training to involve virtually all provincial wetland agencies.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The survey and focus group discussions with affected people during this evaluation, which yielded high satisfaction rates in response to the project, clearly demonstrated that the project’s pioneering and successful provision of alternative livelihoods through noncash compensation or in-kind support can work in wetland restoration projects.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong leadership and ownership, as evidenced through the commitment of the provincial and county governments along with backing from the central government, undoubtedly contributed to the project’s overall success.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The assessment of process efficiency highlighted the need for clear communication, understanding and training on administrative and financing arrangements during the design of cofinanced projects, particularly for complex natural resource management projects such as this, to avoid subsequent delays in implementation.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects aimed at achieving ecological and biodiversity gains, in this case for migratory birds and wetland species, face significant monitoring challenges that should not be underestimated. Careful consideration of these challenges is required at the design phase of the project in terms of resources, training and technology.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of officials and staff at the executing agency, implementing agency, and ADB, who were involved in the development, implementation, and operation of the project, was maintained throughout the project. This continuity, together with stability in personnel capacity, was an important factor in the success of the project. While this lesson may be self-evident, it is not easily achieved and is often overlooked.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program— Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date: