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Lesson
Technical Assistance Support is Important for Crisis Programs. There was no technical assistance with the program. The absence made it difficult to monitor the outcome of the loan.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Program Monitoring to be Improved. The program monitoring system should be improved for similar programs in the future. The government s monitoring system did not capture and produce the required data on indicators performance. In particular, the executing agency collected the information from other government agencies (Ministry of Labor and Social Issues, Ministry of Finance,, government reports on anti-crisis measures progress, and other official statistics) to produce its own project completion report.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Success of a financial crisis response operation is highly contingent on the government s ability to quickly put together its own anti-crisis plan, which could be financed by ADB after exercising due diligence. In the case of Armenia, the government had an anti-crisis action plan and a crisis budget.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
During crisis episodes, while policy reforms are important, the government has urgent needs to quickly stabilize the economy, such as, providing urgent fiscal support to counteract the financial crisis. As such, crisis response operations should focus more on immediate responses to the financial crisis, such as maintaining critical social and safety net expenditures. However, as crises open opportunities for reforms, policy dialogue can be initiated for follow-up operations. But this should not delay the financial crisis recovery support.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB s Countercyclical Support Facility has been instrumental in supporting countries receiving loans financed out of ordinary capital resources. However, at present, ADB has no modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund eligible countries. The special program loan in the Program Lending Policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries and can only used to address balance of payment crises. 21 Likewise, emergency assistance under the Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy (DEAP) does not include financial crisis response.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation framework. The overall success of the program could have been greater had the design and monitoring framework (DMF) been better designed. The impact statement could have been closer to the outcome and assumptions about investor and consumer confidence more realistic. The impact statement could have focused on maintaining sustainable and inclusive public sector spending rather than to restore the Georgian economy to the pre-war trajectory of growth and social development.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB business procedures. While program preparation was shorter than for typical program grants and loans, streamlined and abbreviated business procedures for processing crisis response programs could allow the response to be more timely.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lending Modality: The crisis in Georgia, triggered largely by exogenous shocks, has underscored the need for a suitable modality that will enable ADB to provide quick support. While ADB has a program lending policy, there is no special modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund countries. The special program loan in the program lending policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries (OCR). ADB's Countercyclical Support Facility (CSF) helped disburse anti-crisis support quickly to OCR eligible countries.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Socially responsible budget. Rapid disbursements into a budget that is socially responsible and sound in macroeconomic terms provide an efficient channel for supporting public spending, including social, infrastructure, and countercyclical stimulus.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak government commitment. Given the political environment and the likelihood that a significant lack of consensus might be a daily reality on this project, the design should never have been so complex, with four different subcomponents, leading to a much larger MFF expectation. Perhaps a lesson here is that to achieve early and committed buy-in to required reforms and institutional shake-up, smaller and simpler components could be tested through a small scale or project preparatory TAs, which may lead to visible and larger MFF commitments.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Counterpart funding and incentive issues in TA loans. Despite the challenges in project implementation, the project support unit (PSU) and local support unit (LSU) had utilized close to $4 million in counterpart funding, while ADB disbursed only 15% of the TA loan. As a result, the actual split between ADB and the government was 15:85, when the agreement was 70:30. Thus, a key lesson is that there should have been far greater oversight on the utilization of counterpart funds, as the ADB-financed expenditures and activities and overall progress of the TA loan lagged far behind.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Problematic shifting of priorities. Continuing problems with government approvals, and constant changes in focus, scope, and direction caused major delays. ADB noted a range of concerns over the continuing delays on the processing of the Project in its previous incarnation, the Karachi Mega City Development Program, after developing the loan proposal to the point of loan negotiations in May 2008.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Avoidance of challenging issues. At both government levels (the government of Sindh and City District Government of Karachi or CDGK), there was a systematic avoidance of exposure to and tackling of various governance and institutional issues, as well as reforms required to examine and correct these challenges. Analysis of the few project subcomponents completed illustrates that the government of Sindh and CDGK only implemented easy studies that did not and could not tackle major disputes or issues that might require serious reforms in Karachi.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from previous projects. Lessons from two older ADB urban sector loan projects to Karachi in 1986 and 1991, respectively, which were rated unsuccessful and partly successful, include the need for (i) greater attention to sustainability, (ii) enhanced project design based on sound assessments, (iii) careful consideration for institutional shortcomings of executing and implementing agencies, and (iv) greater efforts to address the financial insolvency problems of the Karachi local government bodies.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the inception mission, the KPK government requested a reallocation of loan proceeds in line with what was agreed to during loan negotiations. The requested reallocation required a major change in scope, which was proposed to take place during the midterm review mission, scheduled for the third year of project implementation. The midterm review mission does not necessarily need to come in the middle of the project period; it can be scheduled early on, for instance in the first year of project implementation, if it would help to get the project going after a slow start.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date: